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arXiv 2207.01807astro-ph.GA
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gamma-ray blazar PKS ~2355-106在z~1.1726出现新的HI 21-cm吸收成分

Emergence of a new HI 21-cm absorption component at z~1.1726 towards the gamma-ray blazar PKS~2355-106

Raghunathan Srianand, Neeraj Gupta, Patrick Petitjean, Emmanuel Momjian, Sergei A. Balashev, Francoise Combes, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Pasquier … 展开作者

Raghunathan Srianand, Neeraj Gupta, Patrick Petitjean, Emmanuel Momjian, Sergei A. Balashev, Francoise Combes, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Jens-Kristian Krogager, Pasquier Noterdaeme, Hadi Rahmani, Andrew J. Baker, Kimberly L. Emig, Gyula I. G. Jozsa, Hans-Rainer Kloeckner, Kavilan Moodley

摘要:

我们使用MeerKAT吸收线调查(MALS)的科学验证观测(2020年6月)报告了在阻尼莱曼α吸收体(DLA)中出现新的HI 21 cm吸收,z_abs = 1.172635,朝向伽马射线耀变体PKS 2355-106(z_em~1.639)。自2006年以来,已知该DLA在z_abs = 1.173019处显示出窄的HI 21-cm吸收,与明显的金属吸收线分量一致。我们没有检测到显着的HI 21厘米的光学深度变化,从这个已知的HI组件。高分辨率的光谱(2010年8月)显示,在新的HI 21-cm吸收体的红移处有明显的Mg I吸收。然而,这一组成部分是不明显的单电离物种的配置文件。我们测量了整个系统的金属丰度([Zn/H] = -(0.77 \pm 0.11)和[Si/H]= -(0.96 \pm 0.11))和贫化([Fe/Zn] = -(0.63 \pm 0.16))。使用表观列密度分布的Si II,Fe II和Mg I,我们表明,耗尽和N(Mg I)/N(Si II)列密度比系统地在整个速度范围内变化。具有高耗尽的区域倾向于具有稍大的N(Mg I)/N(Si II)比。两个HI 21-cm吸收器属于该速度范围。z_abs = 1.172635的出现可以理解,如果在~0.35 pc的长度尺度上存在大的光学深度梯度。然而,产生z_abs = 1.173019分量的气体在相同尺度上必须几乎均匀。在测量基本常数和宇宙加速度变化的实验中,即使射电辐射像PKS 2355-106那样明显紧凑,也必须考虑吸收线变化所带来的系统不确定性。

英文摘要:

We report the emergence of a new HI 21-cm absorption at z_abs = 1.172635 in the damped Lyman-alpha absorber (DLA) towards the gamma-ray blazar PKS 2355-106 (z_em~1.639) using science verification observations (June 2020) from the MeerKAT Absorption Line Survey (MALS). Since 2006, this DLA is known to show a narrow HI 21-cm absorption at z_abs = 1.173019 coinciding with a distinct metal absorption line component. We do not detect significant HI 21-cm optical depth variations from this known HI component. A high resolution optical spectrum (August 2010) shows a distinct Mg I absorption at the redshift of the new HI 21-cm absorber. However, this component is not evident in the profiles of singly ionized species. We measure the metallicity ([Zn/H] = -(0.77\pm0.11) and [Si/H]= -(0.96\pm0.11)) and depletion ([Fe/Zn] = -(0.63\pm0.16)) for the full system. Using the apparent column density profiles of Si II, Fe II and Mg I we show that the depletion and the N(Mg I)/N(Si II) column density ratio systematically vary across the velocity range. The region with high depletion tends to have slightly larger N(Mg I)/N(Si II) ratio. The two HI 21-cm absorbers belong to this velocity range. The emergence of z_abs = 1.172635 can be understood if there is a large optical depth gradient over a length scale of ~0.35 pc. However, the gas producing the z_abs = 1.173019 component must be nearly uniform over the same scale. Systematic uncertainties introduced by the absorption line variability has to be accounted for in experiments measuring the variations of fundamental constants and cosmic acceleration even when the radio emission is apparently compact as in PKS 2355-106.

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