天体物理学中的X射线光学：历史回顾
X-Ray Optics for Astrophysics: a historical review
AI总结：
本文回顾了X射线光学技术从20世纪60年代至今及未来的发展历程，探讨了其在降低背景、提升灵敏度及成像方面的贡献，并概述了制造挑战与技术应用。
摘要：
掠入射X射线光学彻底改变了X射线天体物理学。将通量集中到微小探测区域的能力显著降低了背景噪声，从而大幅提升了灵敏度。X射线光学还允许使用小格式、高性能的焦平面探测器，当然，特别是对于高角分辨率光学，它提供了来自扩展源的丰富成像数据。本回顾追溯了X射线光学的应用，从20世纪60年代首批火箭搭载仪器，到现今运行的观测站以及为未来使用而开发的项目。此外，还包括对X射线光学制造挑战及迄今为止所用各种技术的简要概述。
英文摘要：
Grazing-incidence X-ray optics have revolutionized X-ray astrophysics. The ability to concentrate flux to a tiny detection region provides a dramatic reduction in background and a consequent very large improvement in sensitivity. The X-ray optics also permit use of small-format, high-performance focal plane detectors and, of course, especially for high-angular-resolution optics, provide a wealth of imaging data from extended sources. This review, follows the use of X-ray optics from the first rocket-borne instruments in the 1960s through to the Observatories flying today and being developed for future use. It also includes a brief overview of the challenges of fabricating X-ray optics and the various technologies that have been used to date
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
