具有$2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$短期稳定性的紧凑型459 nm铯原子光频标
Compact 459 nm Cs cell optical frequency standard with $2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$ short-term stability
摘要：
我们实现了一个紧凑的光学频率标准与扩展腔二极管激光器锁定到459 nm的6 S $_{1/2}$ -7 P $_{1/2}$的热$^{133}$ Cs原子在$ϕ$ 10 mm $\times$ 50 mm的玻璃细胞的过渡，使用调制转移光谱（MTS）。该激光器的自估计频率稳定度为$1.4\times{10}^{-14}/\sqrtτ$。利用外差测量方法验证了MTS锁定的线宽窄化效应，并测量了锁定激光器的频率稳定度。每个激光器的线宽从自由运行的69.6 kHz减小到MTS稳定后的10.3 kHz，减小了6.75倍。对于每个MTS稳定激光器，通过差拍检测测量的艾伦偏差为$2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$。此外，我们还测量了Cs 7 P $_{1/2}$能级的超精细结构，并计算了Cs 7 P $_{1/2}$能级的磁偶极常数$A$为94.38（6）MHz，这与以前的测量结果吻合得很好.这种紧凑型光频标还可用于其他需要高稳定性激光器的应用，如激光干涉测量、激光冷却、大地测量等。
英文摘要：
We achieve a compact optical frequency standard with an extended cavity diode laser locked to the 459 nm 6S$_{1/2}$ - 7P$_{1/2}$ transition of thermal $^{133}$Cs atoms in a $ϕ$ 10 mm $\times$ 50 mm glass cell, using modulation transfer spectroscopy (MTS). The self-estimated frequency stability of this laser is $1.4\times{10}^{-14}/\sqrtτ$. With heterodyne measurement, we verify the linewidth-narrowing effect of MTS locking and measure the frequency stability of the locked laser. The linewidth of each laser is reduced from the free-running 69.6 kHz to 10.3 kHz after MTS stabilization, by a factor of 6.75. The Allan deviation measured via beat detection is $2.1\times{10}^{-13}/\sqrtτ$ for each MTS-stabilized laser. In addition, we measure the hyperfine structure of the 7P$_{1/2}$ energy level based on the heterodyne measurements, and calculate the magnetic dipole constant $A$ of the Cs 7P$_{1/2}$ level to be 94.38(6) MHz, which agrees well with previous measurements. This compact optical frequency standard can also be used in other applications that require high-stability lasers, such as laser interferometry, laser cooling, geodesy, and so on.
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