We study a class of $p(x)$-Kirchhoff problems which is seldom studied because the nonlinearity has nonstandard growth and contains a bi-nonlocal term. Based on variational methods, especially the Mountain pass theorem and Ekeland's variational principle, we obtain the existence of two nontrivial solutions for the problem under certain assumptions. We also apply the Symmetric mountain pass theorem and Clarke's theorem to establish the existence of infinitely many solutions. Our results generalize and extend several existing results.
In this paper, we study the multiplicity of positive solutions for the p-Laplacian systems with sign-changing weight functions. Using the decomposition of the Nehari manifold, we prove that an elliptic system has at least two positive solutions.
We prove new multiplicity results for the Brezis-Nirenberg problem for the $p$-Laplacian. Our proofs are based on a new abstract critical point theorem involving the ${\mathbb Z}_2$-cohomological index that requires less compactness than the (PS) condition.
We obtain fundamental imbeddings for the fractional Sobolev space with variable exponent that is a generalization of well-known fractional Sobolev spaces. As an application, we obtain a-priori bounds and multiplicity of solutions to some nonlinear elliptic problems involving the fractional $p(\cdot)$-Laplacian.
We prove a bifurcation and multiplicity result that is independent of the dimension N for a critical p-Laplacian problem that is the analog of the Brezis-Nirenberg problem for the quasilinear case. This extends a result in the literature for the semilinear case.
We consider a class of parametric Schrödinger equations driven by the fractional $p$-Laplacian operator and involving continuous positive potentials and nonlinearities with subcritical or critical growth. By using variational methods and Ljusternik-Schnirelmann theory, we study the existence, multiplicity and concentration of positive solutions for small values of the parameter.
We prove the existence of $N$ distinct pairs of nontrivial solutions for critical $p$-Laplacian problems in ${\mathbb R}^N$, as well as in bounded domains. To overcome the difficulties arising from the lack of compactness, we use a recent global compactness result of Mercuri and Willem.
We show how nonlocal boundary conditions of Robin type can be encoded in the pointwise expression of the fractional operator. Notably, the fractional Laplacian of functions satisfying homogeneous nonlocal Neumann conditions can be expressed as a regional operator with a kernel having logarithmic behaviour at the boundary.
The aim of this paper is to provide the first application of Theorem 3 of [2] in a case where the dependence of the underlying equation from the real parameter is not of affine type.
Firstly, we use Nehari manifold and Mountain Pass Lemma to prove an existence result of positive solutions for a class of nonlocal elliptic system with Kirchhoff type. Then a multiplicity result is established by cohomological index of Fadell and Rabinowitz. We also consider the critical case and prove existence of positive least energy solution when the parameter $β$ is sufficiently large.
In this paper, first we study existence results for a linearly perturbed elliptic problem driven by the fractional Laplacian. Then, we show a multiplicity result when the perturbation parameter is close to the eigenvalues. This latter result is obtained by exploiting the topological structure of the sublevels of the associated functional, which permits to apply a critical point theorem of mixed nature due to Marino and Saccon.
In this paper we investivate bifurcation results for a class of problem in a smooth bounded domain involving the fractional p-Laplacian operator and with a nonlinearity that reaches the critical growth with respect to the fractional Sobolev embedding.
In the present paper we study the existence of solutions for some nonlocal problems involving the p(x)-Laplacian operator. The approach is based on a new sub-supersolution method
In this paper we establish the multiplicity of nontrivial weak solutions for the problem $(-Δ)^α u +u= h(u)$ in $Ω_λ$,\ $u=0$ on $\partialΩ_λ$, where $Ω_λ=λΩ$, $Ω$ is a smooth and bounded domain in $\mathbb{R}^N, N>2α$, $λ$ is a positive parameter, $α\in (0,1)$, $(-Δ)^α$ is the fractional Laplacian and the nonlinear term $h(u)$ has a subcritical growth. We use minimax methods, the Ljusternick-Schnirelmann and Morse theories to get multiplicity result depending on the topology of $Ω$.
In this work we introduce volume constraint problems involving the nonlocal operator $(-Δ)_δ^{s}$, closely related to the fractional Laplacian $(-Δ)^{s}$, and depending upon a parameter $δ>0$ called horizon. We study the associated linear and spectral problems and the behavior of these volume constraint problems when $δ\to0^+$ and $δ\to+\infty$. Through these limit processes on $(-Δ)_δ^{s}$ we derive spectral convergence to the local Laplacian and to the fractional Laplacian as $δ\to 0^+$ and $δ\to +\infty$ respectively, as well as we prove the convergence of solutions of these problems to sol…
In the present paper we study the existence of solutions for a class of nonlocal system involving the p(x)-Laplacian operator. The approach is based on a new sub-supersolution result.
In this paper, we study Mountain Pass Characterization of the second eigenvalue of the operator $-\De_p u -\De_{J,p}u$ and study shape optimization problems related to these eigenvalues.
We study a Dirichlet type problem for an equation involving the fractional Laplacian and a reaction term subject to either subcritical or critical growth conditions, depending on a positive parameter. Applying a critical point result of Bonanno, we prove existence of one or two positive solutions as soon as the parameter lies under a (explicitly determined) threshold. As an application, we find two positive solutions for a fractional Brezis-Nirenberg problem.
We formulate and study the nonlocal and local least gradient problem, which is the Dirichlet problem for the 1-Laplace operator, in a quite natural setting of Carnot groups. We study the passage from the nonlocal problem to the local problem as the range of the interaction goes to zero; to do this, we first prove a total variation estimate of independent interest.
Even without a variational background, a multiplicity result of positive solutions with ordered $L^{p}(Ω)$-norms is provided to the following boundary value problem \begin{equation*} \left \{ \begin{array}{ll} -a(\int_Ωu^{p}dx)Δu = f(u) & \mbox{in $Ω$,}\\ u=0 & \mbox{on $\partialΩ$,} \end{array}\right. \end{equation*} where $Ω$ is a bounded domain and $a$, $f$ are continuous real functions with $a$ vanishing in many positive points.
The paper is concerned with the existence of positive weak solutions for a new class of $\left( p,q\right) $-Laplacian elliptic systems in a bounded domain by means of the method of sub-super solutions. Particularly, we do not need any sign conditions for $γ\left( 0\right), g\left( 0\right), f\left( 0\right) $ and $h\left(0\right) $. Moreover, a multiplicity result is obtained when $γ\left(0\right)=g\left( 0\right)=f\left( 0\right)=h\left( 0\right)=0.$ Finally, we give some examples to verify our main results.
In this paper, we deal with the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the nonuniformly elliptic equation of the N-Lapalcian type with a potential and a nonlinear term of critical exponential growth and satisfying the Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition. In spite of a possible failure of the Palais-Smale compactness condition, in this article we apply minimax method to obtain the weak solution to such an equation. In particular, in the case of $N-$Laplacian, using the minimization and the Ekeland variational principle, we obtain multiplicity of weak solutions. Finally, we will prove the above …
In this paper we study the eigenvalue problems for a nonlocal operator of order $s$ that is analogous to the local pseudo $p-$Laplacian. We show that there is a sequence of eigenvalues $λ_n \to \infty$ and that the first one is positive, simple, isolated and has a positive and bounded associated eigenfunction. For the first eigenvalue we also analyze the limits as $p\to \infty$ (obtaining a limit nonlocal eigenvalue problem analogous to the pseudo infinity Laplacian) and as $s\to 1^-$ (obtaining the first eigenvalue for a local operator of $p-$Laplacian type). To perform this study we have to …
In this paper we deal with the multiplicity of positive solutions to the fractional Laplacian equation \begin{equation*} (-Δ)^{\fracα{2}} u=λf(x)|u|^{q-2}u+|u|^{2^{*}_α-2}u, \quad\text{in}\,\,Ω, u=0,\text{on}\,\,\partialΩ, \end{equation*} where $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^{N}(N\geq 2)$ is a bounded domain with smooth boundary, $0<α<2$, $(-Δ)^{\fracα{2}}$ stands for the fractional Laplacian operator, $f\in C(Ω\times\mathbb{R},\mathbb{R})$ may be sign changing and $λ$ is a positive parameter. We will prove that there exists $λ_{*}>0$ such that the problem has at least two positive solutions for each $λ…
We prove some basic inequalities relating the Gagliardo-Nirenberg seminorms of a symmetric function $u$ on $\mathbb R^n$ and of its perturbation $uφ_μ$, where $φ_μ$ is a suitably chosen eigenfunction of the Laplace-Beltrami operator on the sphere $\mathbb S^{n-1}$, thus providing a technical but rather powerful tool to detect symmetry breaking and multiplicity phenomena in variational equations driven by the fractional Laplace operator. A concrete application to a problem related to the fractional Caffarelli-Kohn-Nirenberg inequality is given.
In this paper we develop a new theory for the existence, localization and multiplicity of positive solutions for a class of non-variational,quasilinear, elliptic systems. In order to do this, we provide a fairly general abstract framework for the existence of fixed points of nonlinear operators acting on cones that satisfy an inequality of Harnack type. Our methodology relies on fixed point index theory. We also provide a non-existence result and an example to illustrate the theory.
In this short note, we consider the elliptic problem $$ λϕ+ Δϕ= η|ϕ|^σϕ,\quad ϕ\big|_{\partial Ω}=0,\quad λ, η\in \mathbb{C}, $$ on a smooth domain $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$, $N\ge 1$. The presence of complex coefficients, motivated by the study of complex Ginzburg-Landau equations, breaks down the variational structure of the equation. We study the existence of nontrivial solutions as bifurcations from the trivial solution. More precisely, we characterize the bifurcation branches starting from eigenvalues of the Dirichlet-Laplacian of arbitrary multiplicity. This allows us to discuss the nature…
This paper is devoted to multiplicity results of solutions to nonlocal elliptic equations modeling gravitating systems. By considering the case of Fermi-Dirac statistics as a singular perturbation of Maxwell-Boltzmann one, we are able to produce multiplicity results. Our method is based on cumulated mass densities and a logarithmic change of coordinates that allows us to describe the set of all solutions by a non-autonomous perturbation of an autonomous dynamical system. This has interesting consequences in terms of bifurcation diagrams, which are illustrated by a some numerical computations. …
In this paper we consider a non-local problem for a Laplace operator in a multidimensional bounded symmetric domain. The investigated problem is an analogue of the classical periodic boundary value problems in the case of non-rectangular domain. We prove self-adjointness of the problem and show a method of constructing eigenfunctions. We obtain an analogue of the Rayleigh type inequality and some spectral inequalities for the first eigenvalue of the nonlocal problem.
In this work we consider the following class of fractional $p\&q$ Laplacian problems \begin{equation*} (-Δ)_{p}^{s}u+ (-Δ)_{q}^{s}u + V(\varepsilon x) (|u|^{p-2}u + |u|^{q-2}u)= f(u) \mbox{ in } \mathbb{R}^{N}, \end{equation*} where $\varepsilon>0$ is a parameter, $s\in (0, 1)$, $1< p<q<\frac{N}{s}$, $(-Δ)^{s}_{t}$, with $t\in \{p,q\}$, is the fractional $t$-Laplacian operator, $V:\mathbb{R}^{N}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous potential and $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a $\mathcal{C}^{1}$-function with subcritical growth. Applying minimax theorems and the Ljusternik-Schnirelm…
In this note we introduce some nonlinear extremal nonlocal operators that approximate the, so called, truncated Laplacians. For these operators we construct representation formulas that lead to the construction of what, with an abuse of notation, could be called "fundamental solutions". This, in turn, leads to Liouville type results. The interest is double: on one hand we wish to "understand" what is the right way to define the nonlocal version of the truncated Laplacians, on the other, we introduce nonlocal operators whose nonlocality is on one dimensional lines, and this dramatically changes…
Mean value formulas are of great importance in the theory of partial differential equations: many very useful results are drawn, for instance, from the well known equivalence between harmonic functions and mean value properties. In the nonlocal setting of fractional harmonic functions, such an equivalence still holds, and many applications are now-days available. The nonlinear case, corresponding to the $p$-Laplace operator, has also been recently investigated, whereas the validity of a nonlocal, nonlinear, counterpart remains an open problem. In this paper, we propose a formula for the \emph{…
It is well known that a single nonlinear fractional Schrödinger equation with a potential $V(x)$ and a small parameter $\varepsilon $ may have a positive solution that is concentrated at the nondegenerate minimum point of $V(x)$. In this paper, we can find two different positive solutions for two weakly coupled fractional Schrödinger systems with a small parameter $\varepsilon $ and two potentials $V_{1}(x)$ and $V_{2}(x)$ having the same minimum point are concentrated at the same point minimum point of $V_{1}(x)$ and $V_{2}\left(x\right) $. In fact that by using the energy estimates, Nehari m…
We investigate the existence of infinitely many radially symmetric solutions to the following problem $$(-Δ_p)^s u=g(u) \ \ \textrm{ in } \ \ \mathbb{R}^N, \ \ u\in W^{s,p}(\mathbb{R}^N),$$ where $s\in (0,1)$, $2 \leq p < \infty$, $sp \leq N $, $2 \leq N \in \mathbb{N}$ and $(-Δ_p)^s$ is the fractional $p$-Laplacian operator. We treat both of cases $sp=N$ and $sp<N.$ The nonlinearity $g$ is a function of Berestycki-Lions type with critical exponential growth if $sp=N$ and critical polynomial growth if $sp<N$. We also prove the existence of a ground state solution for the same problem.
We study $s$-fractional $p$-Laplacian type equations with discontinuous kernel coefficients in divergence form to establish $W^{s+σ,q}$ estimates for any choice of pairs $( σ,q)$ with $q\in(p,\infty)$ and $σ\in\left(0,\min\left\{\frac{s}{p-1},1-s\right\}\right)$ under the assumption that the associated kernel coefficients have small BMO seminorms near the diagonal. As a consequence, we find in the literature an optimal fractional Sobolev regularity of such a non-homogeneous nonlocal equation when the right-hand side is presented by a suitable fractional operator. Our results are new even in th…
The aim of the present paper is to study existence results of minimizers of the critical fractional Sobolev constant on bounded domains. Under some values of the fractional parameter we show that the best constant is achieved. If moreover the underlying domain is a ball, we obtain positive radial minimizers for all possible values of the fractional parameter in higher dimension, while we impose a positive mass condition in low dimension.
The aim of this paper is to obtain the existence of solutions for the following fractional p-Laplacian Dirichlet problem with mixed derivatives \begin{eqnarray*} &{_{t}}D_{T}^α\left(|_{0}D_{t}^αu(t)|^{p-2}{_{0}}D_{t}^αu(t)\right) = f(t, u(t)), \;t\in [0,T],\\ &u(0) = u(T) = 0, \end{eqnarray*} where $0 < α<1$, $1<p<\infty$ and $f:[0,T]\times \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a continuous function. We obtain the existence of nontrivial solutions by using the direct method in variational methods and the genus in the critical point theory. Furthermore, if $0< α< \frac{1}{p}$ we obtain an almost every …
In this paper, we develop a direct {\em blowing-up and rescaling} argument for a nonlinear equation involving the fractional Laplacian operator. Instead of using the conventional extension method introduced by Caffarelli and Silvestre, we work directly on the nonlocal operator. Using the integral defining the nonlocal elliptic operator, by an elementary approach, we carry on a {\em blowing-up and rescaling} argument directly on nonlocal equations and thus obtain a priori estimates on the positive solutions for a semi-linear equation involving the fractional Laplacian. We believe that the ideas…
In this paper we consider the existence and multiplicity of weak solutions for the following class of fractional elliptic problem \begin{equation}\label{00} \left\{\begin{aligned} (-Δ)^{\frac{1}{2}}u + u &= Q(x)f(u)\;\;\mbox{in}\;\;\R \setminus (a,b)\\ \mathcal{N}_{1/2}u(x) &= 0\;\;\mbox{in}\;\;(a,b), \end{aligned} \right. \end{equation} where $a,b\in \R$ with $a<b$, $(-Δ)^{\frac{1}{2}}$ denotes the fractional Laplacian operator and $\mathcal{N}_s$ is the nonlocal operator that describes the Neumann boundary condition, which is given by $$ \mathcal{N}_{1/2}u(x) = \frac{1}π \int_{\R\setminus (a…
We consider the boundary value problem $-Δ_p u = λc(x) |u|^{p-2}u + μ(x) |\grad u|^p + h(x)$, $u \in W^{1,p}_0(Ω) \cap L^{\infty}(Ω)$, where $Ω\subset \mathbb R^N$, $N \geq 2$, is a bounded domain with smooth boundary. We assume $c$, $h \in L^q(Ω)$ for some $q > \max\{N/p,1\}$ with $c \gneqq 0$ and $μ\in L^{\infty}(Ω)$. We prove existence and uniqueness results in the coercive case $ λ\leq 0$ and existence and multiplicity results in the non-coercive case $ λ>0$. Also, considering stronger assumptions on the coefficients, we clarify the structure of the set of solutions in the non-coercive cas…
Mixed local-nonlocal eigenvalue problems in the Heisenberg group: spectral theory and singular multiplicity
Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Berhampur（印度科学教育研究学院伯赫拉普尔分校）；AGH University of Kraków（克拉科夫AGH科技大学）；Brno University of Technology（布尔诺理工大学）
Nonlocal gradient, the nonlocal Laplacian and maximum principles
Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha（卡斯蒂利亚-拉曼恰大学）；PEDECIBA – Program for the Development of Basic Sciences and Instituto de Matemática y Estadística “Rafael Laguardia”, Universidad de la Republica（基础科学发展计划（PEDECIBA）与拉斐尔·拉瓜迪亚数学与统计研究所，共和国大学）
