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arXiv 2206.04735cond-mat.supr-con
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电磁规范场涨落在手征超导和非手征超导选择中的作用

The role of electromagnetic gauge-field fluctuations in the selection between chiral and nematic superconductivity

Virginia Gali, Rafael M. Fernandes

摘要:

受几种体系中超导性观察的启发,我们重新讨论了三角晶格上双组分非常规超导体的主导配对不稳定性问题--如$(p_{x},\,p_{y})$波和$(d_{x^{2}-y^{2}},\,d_{xy})$波。这样的系统有两种可能的超导态:手征态(例如$p+ip$或$d+id$),它打破了时间反演对称性,以及超导态(例如$p+p$或$d+d$),它打破了晶格的三重旋转对称性。弱耦合计算通常倾向于手征超导态而不是手征超导态,这就提出了一个问题,即什么机制可以稳定后者。在这里,我们表明,电磁场波动可以发挥至关重要的作用,在这两个国家之间的选择。具体地说,我们推导和分析的有效自由能的两个组件的超导序参量积分后的规范场的起伏,这是形式上合理的,如果空间序参量波动可以忽略不计。一个非解析的立方项出现,在传统的$s$波超导体的情况下。然而,与后者不同的是,三次项取决于两个序参量分量之间的相对相位和相对幅度,以这种方式,它通常有利于双稳态。这个结果是超导序参量的刚度不是各向同性的事实的直接结果。与有利于手征态的四次项的竞争导致了重整化相图,其中手征态在参数空间中的宽区域上取代了手征态。我们分析了波动引起的超导相的稳定性,将我们的结果推广到四方晶格,并讨论了它们对候选超导体的适用性,包括扭曲的双层石墨烯。

英文摘要:

Motivated by the observation of nematic superconductivity in several systems, we revisit the problem of the leading pairing instability of two-component unconventional superconductors on the triangular lattice -- such as $(p_{x},\,p_{y})$-wave and $(d_{x^{2}-y^{2}},\,d_{xy})$-wave. Such a system has two possible superconducting states: the chiral state (e.g. $p+ip$ or $d+id$), which breaks time-reversal symmetry, and the nematic state (e.g. $p+p$ or $d+d$), which breaks the threefold rotational symmetry of the lattice. Weak-coupling calculations generally favor the chiral over the nematic superconducting state, raising the question of what mechanism can stabilize the latter. Here, we show that the electromagnetic field fluctuations can play a crucial role in selecting between these two states. Specifically, we derive and analyze the effective free energy for the two-component superconducting order parameter after integrating out the gauge-field fluctuations, which is formally justified if the spatial order parameter fluctuations can be neglected. A non-analytic cubic term arises, as in the case of a conventional $s$-wave superconductor. However, unlike the latter, the cubic term depends on the relative phase and on the relative amplitudes between the two order parameter components, in such a way that it generally favors the nematic state. This result is a direct consequence of the fact that the stiffness of the superconducting order parameter is not isotropic. Competition with the quartic term, which favors the chiral state, leads to a renormalized phase diagram in which the nematic state displaces the chiral state over a wide region in the parameter space. We analyze the stability of the fluctuation-induced nematic phase, generalize our results to tetragonal lattices, and discuss their applicability to candidate nematic superconductors, including twisted bilayer graphene.

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