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arXiv 2205.14101cs.DS
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割问题的自适应大规模并行算法

Adaptive Massively Parallel Algorithms for Cut Problems

MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi, Marina Knittel, Jan Olkowski, Hamed Saleh

摘要:

研究了自适应大规模并行计算模型中的加权最小割问题。2019年,Behnezhad等人[3]引入了AMPC模型,作为大规模并行计算(MPC)模型的扩展。在过去的十年中,高度可扩展算法的研究已经对许多大规模系统产生了重大影响。MPC模型由Karloff等人于2010年提出[16],它是MapReduce,Hadoop,Flume和Spark等着名实用框架的抽象,一直处于这项研究的最前沿。虽然已经取得了很大的进步,以创造高效的MPC算法的一系列问题,最近的进展受到限制的1-vs-2循环猜想[20],其中假设,区分一个和两个周期之间的简单问题需要$Ω(\log n)$ MPC轮。在AMPC模型中,即使在通信受限时(即,在一轮的中间)。在保持实用性的同时[4],这使算法有能力绕过像1-vs-2循环猜想这样的限制。我们给出了第一个次对数AMPC算法,需要$O(\log\log n)$轮,$(2+ε)$ -近似加权最小割。我们的算法受到Ghaffari和Nowicki [11]的分而治之方法的启发,该方法使用Karger和Stein [15]的经典结果在MPC的$O(\log n\log\log n)$轮中解决$(2+ε)$近似加权最小割问题。我们的工作是完全可扩展的意义上说,每台机器的本地内存是$O(n^ε)$的任何常数$0 < ε< 1$。假设1-vs-2循环猜想成立,在此内存机制中没有用于最小切割的$o(\log n)$轮MPC算法。AMPC中的指数加速是将分治算法的不同层解耦并在$O(1)$轮中求解所有层的结果。

英文摘要:

We study the Weighted Min Cut problem in the Adaptive Massively Parallel Computation (AMPC) model. In 2019, Behnezhad et al. [3] introduced the AMPC model as an extension of the Massively Parallel Computation (MPC) model. In the past decade, research on highly scalable algorithms has had significant impact on many massive systems. The MPC model, introduced in 2010 by Karloff et al. [16], which is an abstraction of famous practical frameworks such as MapReduce, Hadoop, Flume, and Spark, has been at the forefront of this research. While great strides have been taken to create highly efficient MPC algorithms for a range of problems, recent progress has been limited by the 1-vs-2 Cycle Conjecture [20], which postulates that the simple problem of distinguishing between one and two cycles requires $Ω(\log n)$ MPC rounds. In the AMPC model, each machine has adaptive read access to a distributed hash table even when communication is restricted (i.e., in the middle of a round). While remaining practical [4], this gives algorithms the power to bypass limitations like the 1-vs-2 Cycle Conjecture. We give the first sublogarithmic AMPC algorithm, requiring $O(\log\log n)$ rounds, for $(2+ε)$-approximate weighted Min Cut. Our algorithm is inspired by the divide and conquer approach of Ghaffari and Nowicki [11], which solves the $(2+ε)$-approximate weighted Min Cut problem in $O(\log n\log\log n)$ rounds of MPC using the classic result of Karger and Stein [15]. Our work is fully-scalable in the sense that the local memory of each machine is $O(n^ε)$ for any constant $0 < ε< 1$. There are no $o(\log n)$-round MPC algorithms for Min Cut in this memory regime assuming the 1-vs-2 Cycle Conjecture holds. The exponential speedup in AMPC is the result of decoupling the different layers of the divide and conquer algorithm and solving all layers in $O(1)$ rounds.

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