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arXiv 2205.08752physics.flu-dyn
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非均匀折射率下单相湍流中基于示踪粒子的测速测量误差

Measurement error of tracer-based velocimetry in single-phase turbulent flows with inhomogeneous refractive indices

Huixin Li, Andreas Fischer, Marc Avila, Duo Xu

AI总结:

本研究通过光线追踪模拟量化了三维单相湍流混合中折射率非均匀导致的基于示踪粒子的测速误差,发现空间与时空梯度引起的随机误差在加速度测量中尤为显著。

摘要:

非均匀折射率场会导致光学流速测量产生误差。以往的相关研究大多集中在准二维流动中,并将测量误差归因于折射率场的空间梯度,而对通常随空间和时间变化的三维折射率场流动关注较少。本研究在三维流动中进行了光线追踪模拟,该流动源自两种流体单相湍流混合的直接数值模拟。以数值模拟数据作为参考,利用光线追踪模拟来量化基于示踪粒子的测速方法(即本研究中的粒子追踪测速技术)在流速和流加速度方面的测量误差。流速和流加速度的误差分别归因于折射率的空间梯度和时空梯度,这些梯度与流动特性密切相关。虽然主导误差类型取决于所研究的流动,但对于所考虑的湍流混合流动,主要的测量误差是由随机误差引起的。当折射率的最大空间差约为10的负6次方时,速度的相对随机测量误差约为1%,加速度约为200%。当最大折射率差约为0.01(水)时,对于本研究考虑的流动,速度和加速度的相对随机测量误差分别为2000%和100,000%。

英文摘要:

Inhomogeneous refractive index fields lead to errors in optical flow velocity measurements. Former respective studies are mostly in quasi two-dimensional flows, and attribute the measurement errors to spatial gradients in the refractive index field, while less attention has been paid to flows with three-dimensional refractive index fields which usually change in space and in time. In this study, ray tracing simulations were carried out in a three-dimensional flow, which is from a direct numerical simulation of single-phase turbulent mixing of two fluids. Given the data of the numerical simulation as reference, the ray tracing simulation is used to quantify the measurement errors of the flow velocity and flow acceleration for tracer-based velocimetry, i.e. particle tracking velocimetry in this study. The errors of both flow velocity and flow acceleration are attributed to the spatial and the spatio-temporal gradients of the refractive indices, respectively, which are closely inherited from flow characteristics. While the dominant type of error depends on the studied flow, the main measurement error for the considered turbulent mixing flow is caused by the random error. When the maximum spatial difference of the refractive indices is about 10 to the power of -6, the relative random measurement error is about 1 % in velocity and about 200 % in acceleration, respectively. When the maximum index difference is about 0.01 (water), the relative random measurement errors of velocity and acceleration are 2000 % and 100,000%, respectively, for the flow considered in this study.

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