用于定量活性颗粒聚集体的单相机3D扫描测速系统
A single-camera, 3D scanning velocimetry system for quantifying active particle aggregations
摘要：
一个三维（3D）扫描测速系统的开发，以量化的三维配置的颗粒及其周围的体积，三分量的速度场。该方法使用平移激光片来快速扫描通过感兴趣的体积，并顺序地照射包含接种在流体中的示踪剂和包括感兴趣的聚集体的颗粒的流的切片。这些图像切片由单个高速相机捕获，编码图像时间序列内的第三空间维度的信息。在以前的实施扫描系统已经开发的体积流量量化或3D对象重建，我们评估的可行性，同时完成这些任务与一个单一的相机，可以简化数据收集和分析。该系统的能力，其特点是使用毫米级卤虫（卤虫）诱导垂直迁移的研究。识别和重建的个别游泳机构和迁移聚集内的三维轨迹，实现了目前研究的最大数量密度，$8 \, \times\,10^5$动物每$\textrm{m}^3$。这个数密度与以前类似迁移的深度平均2D测量的密度相当。相应的流速测量表明，该技术是能够解决的三维速度场和周围的游泳聚集。在这些动物数量密度下，观察到迁移诱导的相干流。这些流量测量的准确性在$Re_D = 50$的自由射流单独研究中得到了证实。
英文摘要：
A three-dimensional (3D) scanning velocimetry system is developed to quantify the 3D configurations of particles and their surrounding volumetric, three-component velocity fields. The approach uses a translating laser sheet to rapidly scan through a volume of interest and sequentially illuminate slices of the flow containing both tracers seeded in the fluid and particles comprising the aggregation of interest. These image slices are captured by a single high-speed camera, encoding information about the third spatial dimension within the image time-series. Where previous implementations of scanning systems have been developed for either volumetric flow quantification or 3D object reconstruction, we evaluate the feasibility of accomplishing these tasks concurrently with a single-camera, which can streamline data collection and analysis. The capability of the system was characterized using a study of induced vertical migrations of millimeter-scale brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Identification and reconstruction of individual swimmer bodies and 3D trajectories within the migrating aggregation were achieved up to the maximum number density studied presently, $8 \, \times\,10^5$ animals per $\textrm{m}^3$. This number density is comparable to the densities of previous depth-averaged 2D measurements of similar migrations. Corresponding velocity measurements of the flow indicate that the technique is capable of resolving the 3D velocity field in and around the swimming aggregation. At these animal number densities, instances of coherent flow induced by the migrations were observed. The accuracy of these flow measurements was confirmed in separate studies of a free jet at $Re_D = 50$.
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