用喷流轴揭示核子3D手性奇结构
Unveiling Nucleon 3D Chiral-Odd Structure with Jet Axes
摘要：
我们重新解释射流集群作为一个轴的发现过程，随着质子束，定义的虚拟光子横向动量$q_T$在深非弹性散射（DIS）。通过这种方式，我们能够以完全包容的方式使用喷流轴探测核子的本征结构，类似于Drell-Yan过程。本文给出了核子深度非弹性散射的方位角不对称性的完整列表和相应的超前幂因子分解公式。该分解公式包含了传统的时间反转偶喷流函数和奇喷流函数，可以得到所有的横动量相关的部分子分布函数（TMD PDF）。由于因子分解只要$q_T \ll Q$成立，其中$Q$是光子虚性，因此对于能量相对较低的机器，如中国的电子-离子对撞机（EicC），喷流轴探测核子结构应该是可行的。我们发现，在赢家通吃（WTA）的轴发现计划，T-奇喷流函数和夸克的横向或布尔-Mulders函数之间的耦合可以诱导相当大的方位角不对称性在EicC，EIC和HERA。我们也给出了方位角的不对称性的背靠背双射流生产$e^+e^-$湮灭在Belle和其他能源的预测。
英文摘要：
We reinterpret jet clustering as an axis-finding procedure which, along with the proton beam, defines the virtual-photon transverse momentum $q_T$ in deep inelastic scattering (DIS). In this way, we are able to probe the nucleon intrinsic structure using jet axes in a fully inclusive manner, similar to the Drell-Yan process. We present the complete list of azimuthal asymmetries and the associated factorization formulae at leading power for deep-inelastic scattering of a nucleon. The factorization formulae involve both the conventional time-reversal-even (T-even) jet function and the T-odd one, which have access to all transverse-momentum-dependent parton distribution functions (TMD PDFs) at leading twist. Since the factorization holds as long as $q_T \ll Q$, where $Q$ is the photon virtuality, the jet-axis probe into the nucleon structure should be feasible for machines with relatively low energies such as the Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC). We show that, within the winner-take-all (WTA) axis-finding scheme, the coupling between the T-odd jet function and the quark transversity or the Boer-Mulders function could induce sizable azimuthal asymmetries at the EicC, the EIC and HERA. We also give predictions for the azimuthal asymmetry of back-to-back dijet production in $e^+e^-$ annihilation at Belle and other energies.
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