二维量子涡旋的互摩擦与扩散
Mutual friction and diffusion of two-dimensional quantum vortices
AI总结：
本文提出包含能量阻尼相互作用的微观开放量子系统理论，推导出无量纲互摩擦系数解析表达式，无需拟合参数即可与实验定量吻合，弥合了两个数量级的理论与实验差距，揭示了二维原子超流体中量子涡旋互摩擦与扩散的微观机制。
摘要：
我们提出了一种微观开放量子系统理论，用于描述扁球形原子超流体中热阻尼涡旋运动，该理论包含了此前被忽略的超流体原子与热原子之间的能量阻尼相互作用。这一机制与涡旋核心运动强耦合，并由于互摩擦导致涡旋能量耗散，同时由于热涨落导致涡旋的布朗运动。我们推导出了无量纲互摩擦系数的解析表达式，该表达式在没有任何拟合参数的情况下，与实验测量值取得了极好的定量一致。我们的工作弥合了耗散理论与实验之间现存的两个数量级的差距（此前这一差距由拟合参数来桥接），并为二维原子超流体中量子化涡旋的互摩擦与扩散提供了微观起源。
英文摘要：
We present a microscopic open quantum systems theory of thermally-damped vortex motion in oblate atomic superfluids that includes previously neglected energy-damping interactions between superfluid and thermal atoms. This mechanism couples strongly to vortex core motion and causes dissipation of vortex energy due to mutual friction, as well as Brownian motion of vortices due to thermal fluctuations. We derive an analytic expression for the dimensionless mutual friction coefficient that gives excellent quantitative agreement with experimentally measured values, without any fitted parameters. Our work closes an existing two orders of magnitude gap between dissipation theory and experiments, previously bridged by fitted parameters, and provides a microscopic origin for the mutual friction and diffusion of quantized vortices in two-dimensional atomic superfluids.
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