arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2205.04045cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elcond-mat.supr-con
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二维光晶格中费米原子气体的基态

Ground states of atomic Fermi gases in a two-dimensional optical lattice with and without population imbalance

Lin Sun, Qijin Chen

摘要:

在由两个晶格维和一个连续维组成的二维光晶格(2DOL)中,研究了具有短程吸引相互作用的布居平衡和非平衡超冷费米原子气体从BCS到玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的基态相图.我们发现,晶格和连续维的混合,以及人口的不平衡,对原子费米气体的配对和超流性有着非凡的影响。在平衡的情况下,超流基态占据相空间的大部分。然而,对于相对小的晶格跳跃积分$t$和大的晶格常数$d$,一个对密度波(PDW)意外地出现在中等耦合强度,和面内和整体配对的性质从颗粒状的BCS和幺正制度的空穴状的变化,与费米体积与配对强度的异常增加。在不平衡的情况下,稳定的极化超流相收缩到只有一小部分的整个相空间跨越的$t$,$d$,不平衡$p$和相互作用强度$U$,主要是在玻色子制度的低$p$,中等强度的配对,和相对较大的$t$和较小的$d$。由于在有限动量空间中成对费米子和过剩费米子之间的泡利不相容,出现了PDW相,并且随着BEC体系中配对强度的增强,整体配对从粒子状演变为空穴状。在这两种情况下,基态性质在很大程度上取决于费米表面拓扑结构。这些发现与纯三维连续体、三维晶格或一维晶格的情况有很大的不同。

英文摘要:

We study the ground state phase diagram of population balanced and imbalanced ultracold atomic Fermi gases with a short range attractive interaction throughout the crossover from BCS to Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), in a two-dimensional optical lattice (2DOL) comprised of two lattice and one continuum dimensions. We find that the mixing of lattice and continuum dimensions, together with population imbalance, has an extraordinary effect on pairing and the superfluidity of atomic Fermi gases. In the balanced case, the superfluid ground state prevails the majority of the phase space. However, for relatively small lattice hopping integral $t$ and large lattice constant $d$, a pair density wave (PDW) emerges unexpectedly at intermediate coupling strength, and the nature of the in-plane and overall pairing changes from particle-like to hole-like in the BCS and unitary regimes, associated with an abnormal increase in the Fermi volume with the pairing strength. In the imbalanced case, the stable polarized superfluid phase shrinks to only a small portion of the entire phase space spanned by $t$, $d$, imbalance $p$ and interaction strength $U$, mainly in the bosonic regime of low $p$, moderately strong pairing, and relatively large $t$ and small $d$. Due to the Pauli exclusion between paired and excessive fermions within the confined momentum space, a PDW phase emerges and the overall pairing evolves from particle-like into hole-like, as the pairing strength grows stronger in the BEC regime. In both cases, the ground state property is largely governed by the Fermi surface topology. These findings are very different from the cases of pure 3D continuum, 3D lattice or 1DOL.

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