将位置相关问题翻译为GeoSPARQL
Translating Place-Related Questions to GeoSPARQL Queries
摘要：
许多与地点相关的问题只能通过复杂的空间推理来回答，而事实性问题检索对这一任务的支持很差。在链接的数据知识库中，结合与地点有关的问题的空间和非空间标准进行这种推理的可能性越来越大。然而，为了实现基于链接的知识库的问答，自然语言问题必须首先被重新制定为正式的查询。在这里，我们首先提出了一个增强版本的YAGO2geo，地理空间启用的YAGO2知识库的变体，通过链接和添加超过一百万个地方从OpenStreetMap数据到YAGO2。然后，我们提出了一种新的方法来翻译的地方相关的问题，逻辑表示，理论上扎根于空间信息的核心概念。接下来，我们使用一个动态的基于模板的方法来生成完全可执行的GeoSPARQL查询的逻辑表示。我们使用地理空间黄金标准数据集来测试我们的方法，并报告了对现有方法的实质性改进。
英文摘要：
Many place-related questions can only be answered by complex spatial reasoning, a task poorly supported by factoid question retrieval. Such reasoning using combinations of spatial and non-spatial criteria pertinent to place-related questions is increasingly possible on linked data knowledge bases. Yet, to enable question answering based on linked knowledge bases, natural language questions must first be re-formulated as formal queries. Here, we first present an enhanced version of YAGO2geo, the geospatially-enabled variant of the YAGO2 knowledge base, by linking and adding more than one million places from OpenStreetMap data to YAGO2. We then propose a novel approach to translate the place-related questions into logical representations, theoretically grounded in the core concepts of spatial information. Next, we use a dynamic template-based approach to generate fully executable GeoSPARQL queries from the logical representations. We test our approach using the Geospatial Gold Standard dataset and report substantial improvements over existing methods.
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