In this paper, we enhance the machine-readable representation of the ATT&CK Groups knowledge base provided by MITRE in STIX 2.1 format to make available and queryable additional types of contextual information. Such information includes the motivations of activity groups, the countries they have originated from, and the sectors and countries they have targeted. We demonstrate how to utilize the enhanced model to construct intelligible queries to filter activity groups of interest and retrieve relevant tactical intelligence.
Threats targeting cyberspace are becoming more prominent and intelligent day by day. This inherently leads to a dire demand for continuous security validation and testing. Using this paper, we aim to provide a holistic and precise security analysis rating framework for organizations that increases the overall coherency of the outcomes of such testing. This scorecard is based on the security assessment performed following the globally accessible knowledge base of adversary tactics and techniques called the MITRE ATTACK matrix. The scorecard for an evaluation is generated by ingesting the securi…
Due to the ever-increasing threat of cyber-attacks to critical cyber infrastructure, organizations are focusing on building their cybersecurity knowledge base. A salient list of cybersecurity knowledge is the Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) list, which details vulnerabilities found in a wide range of software and hardware. However, these vulnerabilities often do not have a mitigation strategy to prevent an attacker from exploiting them. A well-known cybersecurity risk management framework, MITRE ATT&CK, offers mitigation techniques for many malicious tactics. Despite the tremendous …
This article discusses how the gap between early 5G network threat assessments and an adversarial Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTPs) knowledge base for future use in the MITRE ATT&CK threat modelling framework can be bridged. We identify knowledge gaps in the existing framework for key 5G technology enablers such as SDN, NFV, and 5G specific signalling protocols of the core network. We adopt a pre-emptive approach to identifying adversarial techniques which can be used to launch attacks on the 5G core network (5GCN) and map these to its components. Using relevant 5G threat assessments alon…
Cyberattacks use adversarial techniques to bypass system defenses, persist, and eventually breach systems. The MITRE ATT\&CK framework catalogs a set of adversarial techniques and maps between adversaries and their used techniques and tactics. Understanding how adversaries deploy techniques in conjunction is pivotal for learning adversary behavior, hunting potential threats, and formulating a proactive defense. The goal of this research is to aid cybersecurity practitioners and researchers in choosing detection and mitigation strategies through co-occurrence analysis of adversarial techniques …
Attackers utilize a plethora of adversarial techniques in cyberattacks to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the target organizations and systems. Information security standards such as NIST, ISO/IEC specify hundreds of security controls that organizations can enforce to protect and defend the information systems from adversarial techniques. However, implementing all the available controls at the same time can be infeasible and security controls need to be investigated in terms of their mitigation ability over adversarial techniques used in cyberattacks as well. The…
Protecting against multi-step attacks of uncertain duration and timing forces defenders into an indefinite, always ongoing, resource-intensive response. To effectively allocate resources, a defender must be able to analyze multi-step attacks under assumption of constantly allocating resources against an uncertain stream of potentially undetected attacks. To achieve this goal, we present a novel methodology that applies a game-theoretic approach to the attack, attacker, and defender data derived from MITRE's ATT&CK Framework. Time to complete attack steps is drawn from a probability distributio…
Decoys Cannot Go Everywhere: Mapping the Deception Surface in MITRE ATT&CK
Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克理工大学电气工程学院）；School of Engineering, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo（门多萨国立大学工程学院）；Cyber Threat Intelligence Lab, Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学网络威胁情报实验室）
Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）；University of North Carolina Charlotte（北卡罗来纳大学夏洛特分校）
The MITRE ATT&CK Framework provides a rich and actionable repository of adversarial tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTP). However, this information would be highly useful for attack diagnosis (i.e., forensics) and mitigation (i.e., intrusion response) if we can reliably construct technique associations that will enable predicting unobserved attack techniques based on observed ones. In this paper, we present our statistical machine learning analysis on APT and Software attack data reported by MITRE ATT&CK to infer the technique clustering that represents the significant correlation that ca…
Engineering more secure software has become a critical challenge in the cyber world. It is very important to develop methodologies, techniques, and tools for developing secure software. To develop secure software, software developers need to think like an attacker through mining software repositories. These aim to analyze and understand the data repositories related to software development. The main goal is to use these software repositories to support the decision-making process of software development. There are different vulnerability databases like Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE), Common…
Context-Aware Web Attack Detection in Open-Source SIEM Systems via MITRE ATT&CK-Enriched Behavioral Profiling
Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology（应用科学与技术高级学院）；Syrian Private University（叙利亚私立大学）；Arab International University（阿拉伯国际大学）；Latakia University（拉塔基亚大学）
SynthCTI: LLM-Driven Synthetic CTI Generation to enhance MITRE Technique Mapping
Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Universidad de Murcia（信息与通信工程系，穆尔西亚大学）；Department of Computer Systems, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（计算机系统系，马德里理工大学）
AnnoCTR: A Dataset for Detecting and Linking Entities, Tactics, and Techniques in Cyber Threat Reports
Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence（博世人工智能中心）；Max Planck Institute for Informatics（马克斯·普朗克信息学研究所）；Hochschule der Medien（斯图加特传媒大学）；Robert Bosch GmbH（罗伯特·博世有限公司）；Universität Augsburg（奥格斯堡大学）
Many public sources of cyber threat and vulnerability information exist to help defend cyber systems. This paper links MITRE's ATT&CK MATRIX of Tactics and Techniques, NIST's Common Weakness Enumerations (CWE), Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE), and Common Attack Pattern Enumeration and Classification list (CAPEC), to gain further insight from alerts, threats and vulnerabilities. We preserve all entries and relations of the sources, while enabling bi-directional, relational path tracing within an aggregate data graph called BRON. In one example, we use BRON to enhance the information …
University of Twente（特文特大学）；Siemens Corporate Technology（西门子企业技术部）
Over the last years, threat intelligence sharing has steadily grown, leading cybersecurity professionals to access increasingly larger amounts of heterogeneous data. Among those, cyber attacks' Tactics, Techniques and Procedures (TTPs) have proven to be particularly valuable to characterize threat actors' behaviors and, thus, improve defensive countermeasures. Unfortunately, this information is often hidden within human-readable textual reports and must be extracted manually. In this paper, we evaluate several classification approaches to automatically retrieve TTPs from unstructured text. To …
