森林和其他植被的蒸腾作用如何决定交替的水分状况
How transpiration by forests and other vegetation determines alternate moisture regimes
摘要：
陆地水循环通过降水、蒸发、径流和大气水汽辐合四种通量将土壤和大气水汽库联系起来。这些通量中的每一种都对人类和生态系统的福祉至关重要。然而，预测水循环如何响应植被覆盖的变化仍然是一个挑战（Lawrence和Vandecar，2015年; Ellison等人，2017; te Wierik等人，2021年）。最近，研究表明，随着森林砍伐后森林蒸腾作用的减少，降雨量也随之减少（Baudena等人，2021年）。在这里，结合这些研究结果与物质守恒定律，我们表明，在一个足够潮湿的大气中，森林蒸腾可以控制大气水分收敛，增加蒸腾增强大气水分进口。相反，在干燥的大气中，蒸腾作用的增加减少了大气水分的汇聚和径流。这种以前未被认识到的二分法可以解释径流和土壤水分的看似随机的观察结果，有时增加，有时减少，以响应重新绿化（例如，Zheng等人，2021年）。评估这两种制度之间的过渡对于确定森林砍伐造成的风险以及激励和指导全球生态系统恢复都至关重要。
英文摘要：
The terrestrial water cycle links the soil and atmosphere moisture reservoirs through four fluxes: precipitation, evaporation, runoff and atmospheric moisture convergence. Each of these fluxes is essential for human and ecosystem well-being. However, predicting how the water cycle responds to changes in vegetation cover, remains a challenge (Lawrence and Vandecar, 2015; Ellison et al., 2017; te Wierik et al., 2021). Recently, rainfall was shown to decrease disproportionally with reduced forest transpiration following deforestation (Baudena et al., 2021). Here, combining these findings with the law of matter conservation, we show that in a sufficiently wet atmosphere forest transpiration can control atmospheric moisture convergence such that increased transpiration enhances atmospheric moisture import. Conversely, in a drier atmosphere increased transpiration reduces atmospheric moisture convergence and runoff. This previously unrecognized dichotomy can explain the seemingly random observations of runoff and soil moisture sometimes increasing and sometimes reducing in response to re-greening (e.g., Zheng et al., 2021). Evaluating the transition between the two regimes is crucial both for characterizing the risk posed by deforestation as well as for motivating and guiding global ecosystem restoration.
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