arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2204.04417astro-ph.HE
收藏

伽马射线暴

Gamma-Ray Bursts

Yun-Wei Yu, He Gao, Fa-Yin Wang, Bin-Bin Zhang

AI总结:

本章介绍伽马射线暴的观测事实与基于相对论性喷流动力学演化的理论理解,探讨中央引擎、超新星/千新星辐射及利用GRB探测早期宇宙和限制宇宙学参数的作用。

摘要:

伽马射线暴(GRB)是能量约为100 keV至1 MeV光子的短暂而强烈的爆发,通常随后在从射电到X射线的广泛电磁波段中出现持续较长的衰减余辉辐射,有时甚至延伸至GeV伽马射线。这些辐射被认为起源于相对论性喷流,该喷流由特殊大质量恒星的坍缩和致密双星(即双中子星或中子星与黑洞)的合并所驱动。本章首先简要介绍GRB现象的基本观测事实,包括瞬时辐射、余辉辐射和宿主星系。其次,基于相对论性喷流的整体动力学演化,包括加速、传播、内部耗散和减速阶段,描述了对GRB现象的一般理论理解。GRB的持久中央引擎能显著影响喷流的动力学演化。此外,在一些邻近GRB的光学余辉中会出现超新星/千新星辐射,这可为探究GRB前身星的性质提供重要线索。最后,作为明亮的宇宙学现象,GRB有望被用于探测早期宇宙并限制宇宙学参数。

英文摘要:

Gamma-ray bursts (GRB) are short and intense bursts of $\sim$100 keV$-$1MeV photons, usually followed by long-lasting decaying afterglow emission in a wide range of electromagnetic wavelengths from radio to X-ray and, sometimes, even to GeV gamma-rays. These emissions are believed to originate from a relativistic jet, which is driven due to the collapse of special massive stars and the mergers of compact binaries (i.e., double neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole). This chapter first briefly introduces the basic observational facts of the GRB phenomena, including the prompt emission, afterglow emission, and host galaxies. Secondly, a general theoretical understanding of the GRB phenomena is described based on a relativistic jet's overall dynamical evolution, including the acceleration, propagation, internal dissipation, and deceleration phases. Here a long-lasting central engine of the GRBs can substantially influence the dynamical evolution of the jet. In addition, a supernova/kilonova emission can appear in the optical afterglow of some nearby GRBs, which can provide an important probe to the nature of the GRB progenitors. Finally, as luminous cosmological phenomena, it is expected to use GRBs to probe the early universe and to constrain the cosmological parameters.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑