有向图中的次二次动态路径报告
Subquadratic Dynamic Path Reporting in Directed Graphs Against an Adaptive Adversary
摘要：
研究了动态有向图的可达性和最短路问题。而代数动态数据结构支持边缘更新和可达性/距离查询已经知道了相当长的时间，他们不，一般来说，允许报告的基础路径在相同的时间范围内，特别是对自适应对手。在本文中，我们开发了第一个已知的完全动态的可达性数据结构的工作对自适应对手和支持边缘更新和路径查询两个自然变量：（1）点对点路径报告，和（2）单源可达性树报告。对于DAG中的点对点查询，我们实现了$O(n^{1.529})$最坏情况下的更新和查询边界，而对于DAG中的树报告，最坏情况下的边界是$O(n^{1.765})$。更重要的是，我们展示了如何提升这些算法的工作在一般的图形上的成本增加的界限，以$n^{1+5/6+o(1)}$，使更新时间摊销。在实现这一点的过程中，我们得到了两个有趣的子结果。我们给次二次全动态算法的拓扑顺序（在一个DAG），和强连通组件。据我们所知，这样的算法以前没有被描述过。此外，我们提供了确定性的增量数据结构的可达性和最短路径，处理边缘插入和报告次二次最坏情况下的时间范围内的相应路径。对于可达性和加权有向图中的$(1+ε)$ -近似最短路径，这些边界与完全动态可达性的最佳已知动态矩阵逆随机边界相匹配[v.d.Brand，Nanongkai和Saranurak，FOCS'19]。对于未加权图中的精确最短路径，在增量设置中获得的界限多项式地改进在完全动态设置中的相应的最佳已知的随机化更新/距离查询界限。
英文摘要：
We study reachability and shortest paths problems in dynamic directed graphs. Whereas algebraic dynamic data structures supporting edge updates and reachability/distance queries have been known for quite a long time, they do not, in general, allow reporting the underlying paths within the same time bounds, especially against an adaptive adversary. In this paper we develop the first known fully dynamic reachability data structures working against an adaptive adversary and supporting edge updates and path queries for two natural variants: (1) point-to-point path reporting, and (2) single-source reachability tree reporting. For point-to-point queries in DAGs, we achieve $O(n^{1.529})$ worst-case update and query bounds, whereas for tree reporting in DAGs, the worst-case bounds are $O(n^{1.765})$. More importantly, we show how to lift these algorithms to work on general graphs at the cost of increasing the bounds to $n^{1+5/6+o(1)}$ and making the update times amortized. On the way to accomplishing that, we obtain two interesting subresults. We give subquadratic fully dynamic algorithms for topological order (in a DAG), and strongly connected components. To the best of our knowledge, such algorithms have not been described before. Additionally, we provide deterministic incremental data structures for reachability and shortest paths that handle edge insertions and report the respective paths within subquadratic worst-case time bounds. For reachability and $(1+ε)$-approximate shortest paths in weighted digraphs, these bounds match the best known dynamic matrix inverse-based randomized bounds for fully dynamic reachability [v.d.Brand, Nanongkai and Saranurak, FOCS'19]. For exact shortest paths in unweighted graphs, the obtained bounds in the incremental setting polynomially improve upon the respective best known randomized update/distance query bounds in the fully dynamic setting.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
