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arXiv 2203.14846cond-mat.softcond-mat.dis-nn
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从观测中发现动力学定律:自驱动、相互作用的胶体案例

Discovering dynamic laws from observations: the case of self-propelled, interacting colloids

Miguel Ruiz-Garcia, C. Miguel Barriuso G., Lachlan C. Alexander, Dirk G. A. L. Aarts, Luca Ghiringhelli, Chantal Valeriani

AI总结:

本文提出用图神经网络从集体运动中学习自驱动胶体的主动力与二体力,并通过数值模拟和电泳Janus粒子实验验证,揭示了电场依赖的主动力及屏蔽静电相互作用机制。

摘要:

活性物质涵盖广泛的时间和长度尺度,从细胞群和合成自驱动粒子到鱼群、鸟群,甚至人群。描述这些系统的理论框架在发现普遍现象学方面取得了巨大成功。然而,进一步的进展往往受到难以确定控制每个系统内单个元素动力学的力的阻碍。获取这种局部信息是理解主导系统的物理机制以及建立能够解释所观测到的集体现象的模型的关键。在这项工作中,我们提出了一种机器学习模型,即图神经网络,它利用系统的集体运动来学习控制粒子个体动力学的主动力和二体力。我们使用活性布朗粒子的数值模拟验证了我们的方法,考虑了不同的相互作用势和活性水平。最后,我们将模型应用于电泳Janus粒子的实验,提取了控制胶体动力学的主动力和二体力。由此,我们能够揭示主导系统行为的物理机制。我们提取出一个依赖于电场和面积分数的主动力。我们还发现了二体相互作用对电场的依赖性,这使我们提出这些胶体之间的主导力是具有恒定长度尺度的屏蔽静电相互作用。我们期望这种方法能够为实验性活性粒子系统的研究和建模开辟一条新途径。

英文摘要:

Active matter spans a wide range of time and length scales, from groups of cells and synthetic self-propelled particles to schools of fish, flocks of birds, or even human crowds. The theoretical framework describing these systems has shown tremendous success at finding universal phenomenology. However, further progress is often burdened by the difficulty of determining the forces that control the dynamics of the individual elements within each system. Accessing this local information is key to understanding the physics dominating the system and to create the models that can explain the observed collective phenomena. In this work, we present a machine-learning model, a graph neural network, that uses the collective movement of the system to learn the active and two-body forces controlling the individual dynamics of the particles. We verify our approach using numerical simulations of active brownian particles, considering different interaction potentials and levels of activity. Finally, we apply our model to experiments of electrophoretic Janus particles, extracting the active and two-body forces that control the dynamics of the colloids. Due to this, we can uncover the physics dominating the behavior of the system. We extract an active force that depends on the electric field and also area fraction. We also discover a dependence of the two-body interaction with the electric field that leads us to propose that the dominant force between these colloids is a screened electrostatic interaction with a constant length scale. We expect that this methodology can open a new avenue for the study and modeling of experimental systems of active particles.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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