用于自适应热控制的机械可调谐辐射冷却
Mechanically Tunable Radiative Cooling for Adaptive Thermal Control
摘要：
被动辐射制冷是当前可再生能源研究的前沿技术。在地外应用方面，辐射冷却是航天器热管理系统的一个关键组成部分，空间的极端环境可能导致大的温度变化，从而可能破坏和损坏设备。对于地面应用，夜间或白天的辐射冷却预计将导致成本效益高的被动热管理，而不需要效率低下和昂贵的人工制冷技术。然而，大多数当前可用的辐射冷却系统不能动态地改变并且辐射恒定的静态量的热功率。动态可调自适应辐射冷却系统将是延长航天器寿命或提高地面冷却系统效率的关键发展。在这里，我们提出了可拉伸的辐射冷却设计，可以通过使用简单的物理机制的机械应变大幅调整。当它们的结构被拉伸时，辐射功率显著降低。我们开发了一种建模方法，可以模拟机械拉伸结合电磁响应来计算这些新的自适应辐射冷却系统的可调热发射。所提出的光子工程结构可以用作涂层，以具有成本效益和环境友好的方式实现各种物体的有效自适应热控制。所提出的设计比文献中发现的其他设计更容易实现，并且最佳设计实现了具有132 W/m2量级的可调谐范围的高热发射功率。
英文摘要：
Passive radiative cooling is currently the frontier technology in renewable-energy research. In terms of extraterrestrial applications, radiative cooling is a critical component to the thermal management system of a spacecraft, where the extreme environment of space can cause large temperature variations that can break and damage equipment. For terrestrial applications, nocturnal or daytime radiative cooling is expected to lead to cost-effective passive heat management without the need of inefficient and costly artificial refrigeration technologies. However, most currently available radiative cooling systems cannot be changed dynamically and radiate a constant static amount of thermal power. Dynamically tunable adaptive radiative cooling systems will be a critical development to prolong the lifetime of spacecraft or improve the efficiency of terrestrial cooling systems. Here we propose stretchable radiative cooling designs that can be substantially tuned by using the simple physical mechanism of mechanical strain. When their structure is stretched, the radiated power is significantly reduced. We develop a modeling method that can simulate mechanical stretching combined with electromagnetic response to compute the tunable thermal emission of these new adaptive radiative cooling systems. The presented photonically engineered structures can be used as coatings to achieve efficient adaptive thermal control of various objects in a cost-effective and environmentally friendly way. The proposed designs are much simpler to be realized than others found in the literature and the best design achieves a high thermal emission power with a tunable range on the order of 132 W/m2.
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