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用浮力气泡和声波加热团内介质

Heating of the intracluster medium by buoyant bubbles and sound waves

Asif Iqbal, Subhabrata Majumdar, Biman B. Nath, Suparna Roychowdhury

备注：
13 pages, 5 figures, Accepted in MNRAS
发表信息：
MNRAS, 518, 2735-2745 (2023)
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摘要：

由中心超大质量黑洞（SMBH）提供能量的活动星系核（AGN）在改变团内介质（ICM）的热性质方面起着重要作用。在这项工作中，我们实现了两个活动星系核加热模型：（一）通过分层ICM上升的浮力腔（ICMS模型）和（ii）通过粘性和传导耗散的声波（声学模型）。我们的目标是确定这些加热模型是否与ICM观测值一致，以及是否一个比另一个更好。我们假设ICM的初始熵分布，这是从暗物质晕的潜在的气体的纯引力下落预期的。然后，我们将加热，辐射冷却，和热传导研究ICM的演化年龄的集群。我们的结果是：（i）这两个加热过程可以产生相当的ICM的热分布与一些相关参数的调整。(ii)即使在Spitzer值的10%的水平上，热传导在将注入的能量传递到中心区域之外时也是至关重要的，并且没有热传导，温度/熵分布是不切实际的高。(iii)所需的注入活动星系核的功率尺度与集群质量为$M_{\rm vir}^{1.5}$的两个模型。(iv)所需的活动星系核光度与观测到的射电喷流功率相当，加强了活动星系核是星系团中主要热源的观点。(v)最后，我们估计活动星系核总光度中作为活动星系核机械光度的部分在$0.02r_{500}$小于0.05%。

英文摘要：

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) powered by the central Super-Massive Black Holes (SMBHs) play a major role in modifying the thermal properties of the intracluster medium (ICM). In this work, we implement two AGN heating models: (i) by buoyant cavities rising through stratified ICM (effervescent model) and, (ii) by viscous and conductive dissipation of sound waves (acoustic model). Our aim is to determine whether these heating models are consistent with ICM observables and if one is preferred over the other. We assume an initial entropy profile of ICM that is expected from the purely gravitational infall of the gas in the potential of the dark matter halo. We then incorporate heating, radiative cooling, and thermal conduction to study the evolution of ICM over the age of the clusters. Our results are: (i) Both the heating processes can produce comparable thermal profiles of the ICM with some tuning of relevant parameters. (ii) Thermal conduction is crucially important, even at the level of 10\% of the Spitzer values, in transferring the injected energy beyond the central regions, and without which the temperature/entropy profiles are unrealistically high. (iii) The required injected AGN power scales with cluster mass as $M_{\rm vir}^{1.5}$ for both models. (iv) The required AGN luminosity is comparable with the observed radio jet power, reinforcing the idea that AGNs are the dominant heating source in clusters. (v) Finally, we estimate that the fraction of the total AGN luminosity available as the AGN mechanical luminosity at $0.02r_{500}$ is less than 0.05\%.

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