We have analyzed the kinematics of open star clusters (OSCs) with the proper motions and distances calculated by Hao et al. based on Gaia EDR3 data. The mean line-of-sight velocities are known for a number of clusters from this list. We show that the Galactic rotation parameters determined from samples of OSCs with various ages are in good agreement between themselves. The most interesting results have been obtained from a sample of 967 youngest OSCs with a mean age of 18 Myr. In particular, we have found the following parameters of the angular velocity of Galactic rotation using only their proper motions and distances:
$Ω_0 =28.01\pm0.15$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1},$
$Ω^{'}_0=-3.674\pm0.040$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2},$ and
$Ω^{''}_0=0.565\pm0.023$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-3}$. The circular rotation velocity of the solar neighborhood around the Galactic center here is $V_0=226.9\pm3.1$ km s$^{-1}$ for the adopted Galactocentric distance of the Sun $R_0=8.1\pm0.1$ kpc. The parameters of the spiral density wave have been determined from the space velocities of 233 young clusters. The amplitudes of the radial and tangential velocity perturbations produced by the spiral density wave are $f_R=9.1\pm0.8$ km s$^{-1}$ and $f_θ=4.6\pm1.2$ km s$^{-1}$, respectively; the perturbation wavelengths are $λ_R=3.3\pm0.5$ kpc and $λ_θ=2.6\pm0.6$ kpc for the the adopted four-armed spiral pattern. The Sun's phase in the spiral density wave has been found to be $(χ_\odot)_R\approx-180^\circ$.
We investigate of the systems of proper motions of stars in the ground-based catalogues HSOY, UCAC5, GPS1 and PMA derived by combining with the Gaia DR1 space data. Assuming the systematic differences of stellar proper motions of two catalogues to be caused by the mutual solid-body rotation and glide of the coordinate systems produced by the data of the catalogues under comparison, we analyse the components of the mutual rotation vector and displacement of the origins of these systems. The equatorial components of the vector of mutual rotation velocity of the compared coordinate systems, as we…
We present two catalogues of active galactic nucleus (AGN) candidates selected from the latest data of two all-sky surveys -- Data Release 2 (DR2) of the \emph{Gaia} mission and the unWISE catalogue of the \emph{Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer} (\emph{WISE}). We train a random forest classifier to predict the probability of each source in the \emph{Gaia}-unWISE joint sample being an AGN, $P_{\rm RF}$, based on \emph{Gaia} astrometric and photometric measurements and unWISE photometry. The two catalogues, which we designate C75 and R85, are constructed by applying different $P_{\rm RF}$ thr…
The third Gaia data release is published in two stages. The early part, Gaia EDR3, gives very precise astrometric and photometric properties for nearly two billion sources together with seven million radial velocities from Gaia DR2. The full release, Gaia DR3, will add radial velocities, spectra, light curves, and astrophysical parameters for a large subset of the sources, as well as orbits for solar system objects. Before the publication of the catalogue, many different data items have undergone dedicated validation processes. The goal of this paper is to describe the validation results in te…
We have studied a sample of more than 25 000 young stars with proper motions and trigonometric parallaxes from the Gaia DR2 catalogue. The relative errors of their parallaxes do not exceed 10\%. The selection of stars belonging to active star-forming regions was made by Marton et al. based on data from the Gaia DR2 catalogue by invoking infrared measurements from the WISE and Planck catalogues. Low-mass T Tauri stars constitute the majority of sample stars. The following parameters of the angular velocity of Galactic rotation have been found from them: $Ω_0 =28.40\pm0.11$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}…
In light of substantial new discoveries of hot subdwarfs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys and the availability of the Gaia mission Early Data Release 3 (EDR3), we compiled new releases of two catalogues of hot subluminous stars: The data release 3 (DR3) catalogue of the known hot subdwarf stars contains 6,616 unique sources and provides multi-band photometry, and astrometry from Gaia EDR3 as well as classifications based on spectroscopy and colours. This is an increase of 742 objects over the DR2 catalogue. This new catalogue provides atmospheric parameters for 3,087 stars and radial velocitie…
The occurrence of multiple stars, dominantly binaries, is studied using the \textit{Gaia}-ESA DR2 catalogue. We apply the optimized statistical method that we previously developed for the analysis of 2D patterns. The field of stars is divided into a mosaic of small pieces, which represent a statistical set for analysis. Specifically, data input is represented by a grid of circles (events) with radius $0.02\,°$ covering the sky in the field of galactic latitude $\left\vert b\right\vert >25\,°$. The criteria for selecting candidates for multiple stars are based on two parameters: angular separat…
Gaia DR3 and further releases have the potential to identify and categorise new emission-line stars in the Galaxy. We perform a comprehensive validation of astrophysical parameters from Gaia DR3 with the spectroscopically estimated emission-line star parameters from LAMOST OBA emission catalogue. We compare different astrophysical parameters provided by Gaia DR3 with those estimated using LAMOST spectra. By using a larger sample of emission-line stars, we perform a global polynomial and piece-wise linear fit to update the empirical relation to convert Gaia DR3 pseudo-equivalent width to observ…
We study the kinematics of a sample of classical Cepheids younger than 120 Myr. For these stars, the estimates of distances taken from Skowron et al., which are based on the period-luminosity relation, and the line-of-sight velocities and the proper motions from the Gaia catalog are available. There are also distance estimates derived from the trigonometric parallaxes contained in the Gaia ERD3 catalog. A method, which relies on comparison of the first-order derivative of the Galactic rotation angular velocity, showed the need to lengthen the distance scales determined by Skowron et al. by abo…
Several studies have been presented in the last few years applying some kind of automatic processing of data to estimate the fundamental parameters of open clusters. These parameters are later on employed in larger scale analyses, for example the structure of the Galaxy's spiral arms. The distance is one of the more straightforward parameters to estimate, yet enormous differences can still be found among published data. This is particularly true for open clusters located more than a few kpc away. We cross-matched several published catalogues and selected the twenty-five most distant open clust…
In light of substantial new discoveries of hot subdwarfs by ongoing spectroscopic surveys and the availability of new all-sky data from ground-based photometric surveys and the Gaia mission Data Release 2, we compiled an updated catalogue of the known hot subdwarf stars. The catalogue contains 5874 unique sources including 528 previously unknown hot subdwarfs and provides multi-band photometry, astrometry from Gaia, and classifications based on spectroscopy and colours. This new catalogue provides atmospheric parameters of 2187 stars and radial velocities of 2790 stars from the literature. Usi…
Context: Blue horizontal-branch stars are very old objects that can be used as markers in studies of the Galactic structure and formation history. To create a clean sky catalogue of blue horizontal-branch stars, we cross-matched the Gaia data release 2 (DR2) dataset with existing reference catalogues to define selection criteria based on Gaia DR2 parameters. Following the publication of Gaia early data release 3 (EDR3), these methods were verified and subsequently applied to this latest release. Aims: The purpose of this catalogue is to identify a set of blue horizontal-branch star candidates …
We have analyzed the kinematics of OB stars from the list by Xiang et al. (2021) that contains $\sim$13 000 single OB stars. For these stars there are photometric distance estimates and proper motions from the Gaia catalogue and line-of-sight velocities from the LAMOST catalogue. Based on a sample of single OB stars and using the photometric distances and proper motions of stars from the Gaia EDR3 catalogue, we have found the group velocity components $(U_\odot,V_\odot,W_\odot)=(9.63,9.93,7.45)\pm(0.27,0.34,0.10)$ km s$^{-1}$, and the following parameters of the angular velocity of Galactic ro…
State-of-the-art techniques to identify Hαemission line sources in narrow-band photometric surveys consist of searching for Hαexcess with reference to nearby objects in the sky (position-based selection). However, while this approach usually yields very few spurious detections, it may fail to select intrinsically faint and/or rare Hα-excess sources. In order to obtain a more complete representation of the heterogeneous emission line populations, we recently developed a technique to find outliers relative to nearby objects in the colour-magnitude diagram (CMD-based selection). By combining posi…
Testing the distance scale of the Gaia TGAS catalogue by kinematic method
We have studied the simultaneous and separate solutions of the basic kinematic equations obtained using the stellar velocities calculated on the basis of data from the Gaia TGAS and RAVE5 catalogues. By comparing the values of Omega_0' found by separately analyzing only the line-of-sight velocities of stars and only their proper motions, we have determined the distance scale correction factor p to be close to unity, 0.97+/-0.04. Based on the proper motions of stars from the Gaia TGAS catalogue with relative trigonometric parallax errors less than 10% (they are at a mean distance of 226 pc), we…
We have studied the kinematic properties of young pre-main-sequence stars. We have selected these stars based on data from the Gaia DR2 catalogue by invoking a number of photometric infrared surveys. Using 4564 stars with parallax errors less than 20\%, we have found the following parameters of the angular velocity of Galactic rotation: $Ω_0 =28.84\pm0.10$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$, $Ω^{'}_0=-4.063\pm0.029$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$ and $Ω^{''}_0=0.766\pm0.020$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-3}$, where the Oort constants are $A=16.25\pm0.33$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$ and $B=-12.58\pm0.34$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$. T…
Context. Planetary nebulae (PNe) are a brief but important phase of stellar evolution. The study of Galactic PNe has historically been hampered by uncertain distances, but the parallaxes of PN central stars (CSPNe) measured by Gaia are improving the situation. Aims. Gaia's Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) offers higher astrometric precision and greater completeness compared to previous releases. Taking advantage of these improvements requires that the CSPNe in the catalogue be accurately identified. Methods. We applied our automated technique based on the likelihood ratio method to cross match know…
Galactic Rotation Based on OB Stars from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
我们研究了Gaia DR 2星表中约6000颗具有自行和三角视差的OB星。银河系自转角速度的下列参数已被发现：$Ω_0=29.70\pm0.11$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-1}$、$Ω'_0=-4.035\pm0.031$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-2}$和$Ω''_0= 0.620\pm0.014$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-3}$。对于采用的太阳银心距离$R_0=8.0\pm0.15$ kpc，太阳邻域绕银河系中心的圆自转速度为$V_0=238\pm5$ km s $^{-1}$。螺旋密度波产生的切向和径向速度扰动的振幅分别为$f_θ=4.4\pm1.4$ km s $^{-1}$和$f_R=5.1\pm1.2$ km s $^{-1}$;对于所采用的四臂螺旋模式，扰动波长分别为$λ_θ=1.9\pm0.5$ kpc和$λ_R=2.1\pm0.5$ kpc。太阳在螺旋密度波中的相位是$χ_\odot=-178^\circ\pm12^\circ$。
We analyze the spatial and kinematic properties of a large sample of young T Tauri type stars in a 500 pc radius solar neighborhood, closely related to the Gould belt. The following parameters of the exponential density distribution have been determined: the average $(z_G)_\odot=-25\pm5$ pc and scale height $h_G=56\pm6$ pc. We propose a method of excluding background stars from the samples, which are located at large heights with respect to the symmetry plane of the Gould belt. We discovered that the expansion effect for the entire star system, $K_G=6\pm1$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$, is determined…
In this work, we use $13$ microlensing candidates with dark lenses from OGLE III catalogue \cite{2016MNRAS.458.3012W} and cross-match them with the GAIA catalogue. We identify the microlensing source stars in the GAIA catalogue by comparing the coordinate and the magnitude of stars and using the proper motion and the parallax parameters of the source stars. Combining with the microlensing light curves as well as the microlensing parallax effect, we determine the mass and the distance of lenses from Earth. We conclude that the lens for this set of microlensing events for the massive lenses are …
Gaia Data Release 2. Cross-match with external catalogues - Algorithms and results
上下文虽然盖亚目录本身是一个非常强大的工具，但正是这种高精度档案与其他档案的结合，才真正为天文学研究开辟了惊人的可能性。归档的高级互操作基于交叉匹配，让用户感觉就像使用单个数据归档一样。数据检索不仅应跨数据归档工作，还应跨波长域工作。无缝访问数据的第一步是计算Gaia和外部调查之间的交叉匹配。目的。我们描述了盖亚数据发布2（DR 2）目录与密集调查（泛星DR 1，2 MASS，SDSS DR 9，GSC 2.3，URAT-1，allWISE，PPMXL和APASS DR 9）和稀疏目录（Hipparcos 2，Tycho-2和RAVE 5）的预计算交叉匹配所采用的算法和结果。方法.一种新的算法是专门为稀疏目录。详细描述了DR 1所采用算法的改进和变化。结果交叉匹配的输出是官方Gaia DR 2目录的一部分。交叉匹配结果的全局分析也被提出。
Interpreting and modelling astronomical catalogues requires an understanding of the catalogues' completeness or selection function: objects of what properties had a chance to end up in the catalogue. Here we set out to empirically quantify the completeness of the overall Gaia DR3 catalogue. This task is not straightforward because Gaia is the all-sky optical survey with the highest angular resolution to date and no consistent ``ground truth'' exists to allow direct comparisons. However, well-characterised deeper imaging enables an empirical assessment of Gaia's $G$-band completeness across par…
Search for quasar pairs with Gaia astrometric data. II. Photometric redshift prediction with machine learning for the MGQPC catalogue
Institute for Frontier in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学前沿天文与天体物理研究院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学物理与天文学院）
While Gaia has observed the phase space coordinates of over a billion stars in the Galaxy, in the overwhelming majority of cases it has only obtained five of the six coordinates, the missing dimension being the radial (line-of-sight) velocity. Using a realistic mock dataset, we show that Bayesian neural networks are highly capable of 'learning' these radial velocities as a function of the other five coordinates, and thus filling in the gaps. For a given star, the network outputs are not merely point predictions, but full posterior distributions encompassing the intrinsic scatter of the stellar…
Gaia GraL X.: The GraL catalogue of gravitationally lensed quasars Matched with \textit{Gaia} data, redshifts, and time delays
Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Bordeaux, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS（波尔多天体物理学实验室，波尔多大学，法国国家科学研究中心）；Instituto de Astronomia, Geofísica e Ciências Atmosféricas, Universidade de São Paulo（圣保罗大学天文、地球物理与大气科学研究所）；Donald Bren School of Information and Computer Sciences, University of California, Irvine（加州大学尔湾分校唐纳德·布伦信息与计算机科学学院）；CENTRA/SIM, Faculdade de Ciéncias, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学理学院CENTRA/SIM）；Université Côte d’Azur, Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Laboratoire Lagrange（蔚蓝海岸大学，蔚蓝海岸天文台，法国国家科学研究中心，拉格朗日实验室）；Sydney Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics, The University of Sydney（悉尼大学物理学院悉尼天文学研究所）；Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心）；Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院喷气推进实验室）
The Gaia/IPHAS and Gaia/KIS Value-Added Catalogues
我们提出了一个亚角秒的交叉匹配盖亚DR 2对北银河平面数据发布2（IPHAS DR 2）和开普勒-INT调查（KIS）的INT光度H-α调查。由此产生的增值目录（VAC）为盖亚测光提供了额外的精确测光（IPHAS的r，i和H-alpha，KIS的额外U和g）。在建立星表时，\gaia \DR 2中给出的自行被回退以匹配IPHAS DR 2的历元，从而确保高自行物体被适当地交叉匹配。目录分别载有IPHAS和KIS的7，927，224和791，071个源。对于每个包含的源的>5-sigma视差检测的要求意味着1- 1.5 kpc的距离被很好地覆盖。我们为每个编目对象定义了两个额外的参数：（i）$f_c$，一个依赖于盖亚天体测量拟合质量的星等示踪剂;（ii）$f_{FP}$，视差测量的假阳性率，从给定质量的天体测量拟合确定在给定的星等。基于这些参数的选择切割可以用于以受控和合理的方式清洁颜色-量值和颜色-颜色图。我们提供完整版和轻量版的VAC，其中VAC-light仅包含代表我们建议的纯度和完整性之间权衡的对象。星表的用途包括在匹配的数据集中识别新的变星，以及由于从主序星中分离出高光度恒星而更完整地识别H-α过量发射天体。
Chronology of our Galaxy from Gaia Colour-Magnitude Diagram-fitting (ChronoGal). I. The formation and evolution of the thin disk from the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars
We extend the SDSS Stripe 82 Standard Stars Catalog with post-2007 SDSS imaging data. This improved version lists averaged SDSS ugriz photometry for nearly a million stars brighter than r~22 mag. With 2-3x more measurements per star, random errors are 1.4-1.7x smaller than in the original catalog, and about 3x smaller than for individual SDSS runs. Random errors in the new catalog are ~< 0.01 mag for stars brighter than 20.0, 21.0, 21.0, 20.5, and 19.0 mag in u, g, r, i, and z-bands, respectively. We achieve this error threshold by using the Gaia Early Data Release 3 (EDR3) Gmag photometry to …
Based on astrometric data from Gaia DR2, we employ an unsupervised machine learning method to blindly search for open star clusters in the Milky Way within the Galactic latitude range of |b| < 20 degrees. In addition to 2,080 known clusters, 74 new open cluster candidates are found. In this work, we present the positions, apparent radii, parallaxes, proper motions and member stars of these candidates (https://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/ftp/vizier.submit//new_OC/). Meanwhile, to obtain the physical parameters of each candidate cluster, stellar isochrones are fit to the photometric data. The results sh…
Kinematics of T Tauri Stars Close to the Sun from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
研究了太阳附近半径为500 pc的年轻金牛座T星的大样本的空间和运动学性质。从古尔德带最可能的成员中确定了位置椭球的以下参数：它的大小为$350\times 270 \times 87$ ~pc，它与银河平面成角$14\pm1^\circ$，升交点的经度为$297\pm1^\circ$。对该样本恒星运动的分析表明，主半轴为$σ_{1,2,3}=(8.87,5.58,3.03)\pm(0.10,0.20,0.04)$ ~km s $^{-1}$的剩余速度椭球与银道面的夹角为$22\pm1^\circ$，经度为$298\pm2^\circ$的升交点。已经确定的是，古尔德带恒星（5- 6 km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-1}$）典型的膨胀效应（运动学$K$效应）的大部分可以用具有径向扰动振幅$f_R\sim5$ km s $^{-1}$的银河螺旋密度波的影响来解释。
Kinematics of the Galaxy from a Sample of Young Open Star Clusters with Data from the Gaia DR2 Catalogue
我们选择了一个样本的326个年轻的$(\log t<8)$疏散星团的自行车和距离计算的不同作者从盖亚DR 2数据。它们的视线速度的平均值也取自各种出版物。作为我们运动学分析的结果，我们发现了以下银河系自转角速度的参数：$Ω_0=29.34\pm0.31$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-1}$，$Ω'_0=-4.012\pm0.074$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-2}$，和$Ω''_0=0.779\pm0.062$ km s $^{-1}$ kpc $^{-3}$ .对于采用的太阳银心距离$R_0=8.0\pm0.15$ kpc，太阳邻域绕银河系中心的圆自转速度为$V_0=235\pm5$ km s $^{-1}$。螺旋密度波产生的切向和径向速度扰动的幅度分别为$f_θ=3.8\pm1.2$ km s $^{-1}$和$f_R=4.7\pm1.0$ km s $^{-1}$;对于所采用的四臂螺旋模式，扰动波长分别为$λ_θ=2.3\pm0.5$ kpc和$λ_R=2.2\pm0.5$ kpc。太阳在螺旋密度波中的相位接近于$-120\pm10^\circ.$
We present a catalogue of 551,214 main-sequence stars in the local ($d < 2$ kpc) Galactic thick disk and halo, based on a search of stars with large proper motions ($μ_{\mathrm{tot}} > 40.0$ mas/yr) in the Gaia Early Data Release 3. We derive photometric metallicity calibrated from the colour-luminosity-metallicity distribution of 20,047 stars with spectroscopic metallicities, collected from various spectroscopic surveys, including SDSS SEGUE/APOGEE, GALAH DR3, and LAMOST DR6. We combine these results to construct an empirical colour-magnitude-metallicity grid, which can be used to estimate ph…
We present a catalogue of point-like Hα-excess sources in the Northern Galactic Plane. Our catalogue is created using a new technique that leverages astrometric and photomeric information from Gaia to select Hα-bright outliers in the INT Photometric Hα Survey of the Northern Galactic Plane (IPHAS), across the colour-absolute magnitude diagram. To mitigate the selection biases due to stellar population mixing and to extinction, the investigated objects are first partitioned with respect to their positions in the Gaia colour-absolute magnitude space, and in the Galactic coordinates space, respec…
We have analyzed the kinematics of 9750 OB2 stars with proper motions and parallaxes selected by Xu et al. from the Gaia EDR3 catalogue. The relative parallax errors for these stars do not exceed 10\%. Based on the entire sample of stars, we have found the velocities $(U,V)_\odot=(7.17,7.37)\pm(0.16,0.24)$ km s$^{-1}$ and the components of the angular velocity of Galactic rotation: $Ω_0 =29.700\pm0.076$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-1}$, $Ω^{'}_0 =-4.008\pm0.022$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-2}$, and $Ω^{''}_0 = 0.671\pm0.011$ km s$^{-1}$ kpc$^{-3}$, where the linear rotation velocity of the Galaxy at the solar di…
A Contaminant-Free Catalogue of Gaia DR2-WISE Galactic Plane Matches: Including the Effects of Crowding in the Cross-Matching of Photometric Catalogues
