利用大规模数据揭示城市骑行中性别不平等的决定因素
Revealing the determinants of gender inequality in urban cycling with large-scale data
AI总结：
本研究利用Strava的大规模骑行数据，探究欧美61座城市骑行性别差距的决定因素，发现女性骑行率与道路安全正相关，且女性偏好特定街道特征，为改善骑行性别不平等提供了依据。
摘要：
骑行是一项具有重大健康益处的户外活动，也是实现可持续城市交通的有效解决方案。尽管有这些益处，且近年来骑行日益流行，但大多数国家的骑行参与率仍然极低，其中女性的参与率尤其低：骑行领域存在着很大程度上无法解释的持续性性别差距。为了大规模探究这一骑行性别差距的决定因素，我们使用了来自追踪应用Strava的大规模自动采集的户外骑行数据，覆盖美国、英国、意大利以及荷比卢地区的61座城市。利用关联的性别与使用信息，我们首先量化了城市层面休闲骑行中新出现的性别差距。对相似地理区域内不同城市的女性骑行率进行比较后，发现性别差距的范围跨度很大。在宏观层面，我们将这种异质性与多种城市指标相关联，为关于骑行性别差距决定因素的传统假说提供了证据。我们发现女性骑行率与城市道路安全性呈正相关。在微观层面，我们识别出纽约市女性对街道特定特征的偏好。提升专用骑行基础设施的质量，可能是让城市环境对女性更友好的一种途径，从而使城市交通对所有人都更具可持续性。
英文摘要：
Cycling is an outdoor activity with massive health benefits, and an effective solution towards sustainable urban transport. Despite these benefits and the recent rising popularity of cycling, most countries still have a negligible uptake. This uptake is especially low for women: there is a largely unexplained, persistent gender gap in cycling. To understand the determinants of this gender gap in cycling at scale, here we use massive, automatically-collected data from the tracking application Strava on outdoor cycling for 61 cities across the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy and the Benelux area. Leveraging the associated gender and usage information, we first quantify the emerging gender gap in recreational cycling at city-level. A comparison of cycling rates of women across cities within similar geographical areas unveils a broad range of gender gaps. On a macroscopic level, we link this heterogeneity to a variety of urban indicators and provide evidence for traditional hypotheses on the determinants of the gender-cycling-gap. We find a positive association between female cycling rate and urban road safety. On a microscopic level, we identify female preferences for street-specific features in the city of New York. Enhancing the quality of the dedicated cycling infrastructure may be a way to make urban environments more accessible for women, thereby making urban transport more sustainable for everyone.
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