对COVID-19大流行期间各州公共卫生机构网站的评价，表明为无障碍设计所做的努力程度
Evaluation of websites of state public health agencies during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrating the degree of effort to design for accessibility
摘要：
自疫情开始以来，美国各州公共卫生机构均已设立及维持一个专门针对COVID 19的网站。我们的目标是评估这些网站是否符合无障碍指南。具体来说，我们评估了，在无障碍合规要求的水平不断提高的规模，由网站开发人员所做的努力，以纳入和满足无障碍合规标准的结果。我们关注了49个州的主页和疫苗网页。在这项研究中，我们使用自动化的ASAGE工具来评估在A、AA和AAA级别上对WCAG 2.0指南的符合性，以及对508 c节标准的符合性。我们还手动对网页开发人员在页面上包含的特定可访问性功能（如果有的话）进行了评分，评分范围为0（无）到3（最高）。我们发现，违反可访问性普遍存在于各州，但在不同程度上为一个特定的可访问性标准。尽管在所有4个POUR可访问性原则中均检测到违规行为，但已知违规行为的最大数量发生在满足可感知性和可操作性原则方面。大多数违反508 c准则的行为发生在没有提供脚本语言中的功能文本和没有提供非文本的文本等价物。各州的努力程度和一致性差异很大;大多数州的努力程度较低，而少数几个州试图以创新的方式提高其网站的无障碍性。努力的重点似乎是达到最低限度。目前尚不清楚网站是否为无障碍而主动设计。
英文摘要：
Since the beginning of the pandemic, every state public health agency in the United States has created and maintained a website dedicated to COVID 19. Our goal was to evaluate these websites for conformity to accessibility guidelines. Specifically, we assessed, on a scale of increasing levels of accessibility compliance requirements, the results of the efforts made by website developers to incorporate and meet accessibility compliance criteria. We focused on homepages and vaccine pages in 49 states. For this study, we used the automated AChecker tool to assess conformance to the WCAG 2.0 guidelines at A, AA and AAA levels of conformance, and conformance with the Section 508c standard. We also manually rated, on a scale 0 (none) to 3 (highest), the specific accessibility features, if any, that web developers had included on the pages. We found that accessibility violations were prevalent across states but to varying degrees for a specific accessibility criterion. Although violations were detected in all 4 POUR accessibility principles, the most number of known violations occurred in meeting the perceivability and operability principles. Most violations in 508c guidelines occurred in not providing functional text in scripting languages and in not providing text equivalents for nontext. The degree of effort and conformance significantly varied between states; a majority of states exhibited a lower degree of effort, while a few attempted innovative ways to enhance accessibility on their websites. The efforts seemed to focus on meeting the minimum threshold. It is not clear if websites were designed proactively for accessibility.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
