利用 Twitter 数据理解公众对 COVID-19 相关药物获批使用与超说明书使用的看法
Using Twitter Data to Understand Public Perceptions of Approved versus Off-label Use for COVID-19-related Medications
AI总结：
该研究用 NLP 流程分析 60 余万条美国推文，揭示公众对 COVID-19 超说明书与获批药物的立场差异及其政治、人口统计影响。
摘要：
了解关于未经证实疗法紧急使用的公共讨论，对于监测安全用药和打击错误信息至关重要。我们开发了一种基于自然语言处理的流程，以理解公众随时间推移对 Twitter 上 2019 冠状病毒病（COVID-19）相关药物的看法和立场。这项回顾性研究纳入了 2020 年 1 月 29 日至 2021 年 11 月 30 日期间来自美国的 609,189 条推文，涉及在 COVID-19 大流行期间引起公众高度关注的四种药物：（1）Hydroxychloroquine 和 Ivermectin，即具有轶事证据支持的疗法；（2）Molnupiravir 和 Remdesivir，即 FDA 批准用于符合条件患者的治疗方法。研究采用时间趋势分析来了解流行趋势和相关事件，并开展内容分析和人口统计学分析，以探究人们对每种药物所持立场背后的潜在理由。时间趋势分析表明，Hydroxychloroquine 和 Ivermectin 的讨论多于 Molnupiravir 和 Remdesivir，尤其是在 COVID-19 感染激增期间。关于 Hydroxychloroquine 和 Ivermectin 的讨论高度政治化，并与阴谋论、传闻和名人影响有关。美国两大政党之间的立场分布存在显著差异（P < .001）；共和党人比民主党人更可能支持 Hydroxychloroquine（55%）和 Ivermectin（30%）。具有医疗保健背景的人往往比普通人群更反对 Hydroxychloroquine（7%），而普通人群更可能支持 Ivermectin（14%）。我们的研究发现，在 COVID-19 的不同阶段，社交媒体用户对超说明书用药与 FDA 授权用药具有不同的认知和立场。这表明卫生系统、监管机构和政策制定者应设计有针对性的策略，以监测并减少错误信息，从而促进安全用药。
英文摘要：
Understanding public discourse on emergency use of unproven therapeutics is crucial for monitoring safe use and combating misinformation. We developed a natural language processing-based pipeline to comprehend public perceptions of and stances on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related drugs on Twitter over time. This retrospective study included 609,189 US-based tweets from January 29, 2020, to November 30, 2021, about four drugs that garnered significant public attention during the COVID-19 pandemic: (1) Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin, therapies with anecdotal evidence; and (2) Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, FDA-approved treatments for eligible patients. Time-trend analysis was employed to understand popularity trends and related events. Content and demographic analyses were conducted to explore potential rationales behind people's stances on each drug. Time-trend analysis indicated that Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin were discussed more than Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, particularly during COVID-19 surges. Hydroxychloroquine and Ivermectin discussions were highly politicized, related to conspiracy theories, hearsay, and celebrity influences. The distribution of stances between the two major US political parties was significantly different (P < .001); Republicans were more likely to support Hydroxychloroquine (55%) and Ivermectin (30%) than Democrats. People with healthcare backgrounds tended to oppose Hydroxychloroquine (7%) more than the general population, while the general population was more likely to support Ivermectin (14%). Our study found that social media users have varying perceptions and stances on off-label versus FDA-authorized drug use at different stages of COVID-19. This indicates that health systems, regulatory agencies, and policymakers should design tailored strategies to monitor and reduce misinformation to promote safe drug use.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
