International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individual factors associate with the mobility of researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the scientific outcomes of researchers, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analysed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of mobile and non-mobile researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers.
Tracing scientific mobility of Early Career Researchers in Spain and The Netherlands through their publications
国际科学流动被认为是传播知识的一个关键机制,特别是没有地理上的邻近和个人接触就无法转移的隐性或“粘性”知识,是将年轻研究人员纳入精英跨国科学网络的一个关键机制,也是获得对研究进程至关重要但位于其他地方的额外资源或基础设施的一个关键机制。学者和决策者一再指出,评估研究人员流动现象的适当数据不足和缺乏。本文提出了一个探索性的分析不同类型的研究人员根据他们的可追溯的流动性,使用科学的Web of Science(WoS)覆盖的科学出版物。我们比较了两个人口的研究人员,相同的“科学年龄”,总部设在西班牙和荷兰。我们观察到西班牙和荷兰的研究人员的流动性程度的差异。必须考虑到与两种国家制度不同的体制条件有关的因素。首先,西班牙和荷兰的大学和研究系统在许多方面都不同。第二,在两个系统中,对流动的体制激励可能非常不同。更复杂的文献计量学分析和比较与不同的“代”的研究人员,可能结合定性调查,将需要更好地了解研究流动性和研究生涯中的国家机构背景的作用和功能。
A Double Bind: Gendered Funding, Research Topics, and Academic Performance in the Social Sciences
University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);Edinburgh Futures Institute, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡未来研究所);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Wuhan University(武汉大学);Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University(武汉大学人民医院);University of Münster(明斯特大学);University of York(约克大学);Polytechnic University of Milan(米兰理工大学);East China Normal University(华东师范大学);University of Reading(雷丁大学);City University of Macau(澳门城市大学)
Genesis of Altmetrics or Article-level Metrics for Measuring Efficacy of Scholarly Communications: Current Perspectives
文章级指标(ALMs)或altmetrics近年来成为衡量科学出版物及其对目标受众的社会影响的新趋势。Facebook、Twitter和Linkedin等流行的社交网络以及Mendeley和CiteULike等社交书签如今被广泛用于向更大的跨国受众传播研究成果。2012年,世界各地的科学和研究人员签署了《旧金山研究评估宣言》。该声明优先考虑ALM或altmetrics,而不是传统的但有缺陷的基于期刊影响因子(JIF)的职业科学家评估。JIF不考虑引用次数以外的影响力或影响力,因为引用次数只反映在汤森路透的Web of Science数据库中。此外,JIF提供与期刊相关的指标,但与发表的论文无关。因此,altmetrics现在成为一个替代指标的个人科学家和他们贡献的学术出版物的绩效评估。本文提供了一个altmetrics的起源在测量学术交流的有效性一瞥,并突出了可用的altmetric工具和社交平台链接altmetric工具,这是广泛用于推导altmetric分数的学术出版物。因此,本文认为,机构和政策制定者更加重视altmetrics为基础的指标进行评估的目的,但警告说,适当的保障措施和验证,需要通过之前。
Understanding the Advisor-advisee Relationship via Scholarly Data Analysis
Dalian University of Technology(大连理工大学);University of Electronic Science and Technology of China(电子科技大学);King Saud University(沙特国王大学);Menoufia University(梅努菲亚大学)
Analyzing Linguistic Complexity and Scientific Impact
Nanjing University of Science and Technology(南京理工大学);Indiana University(印第安纳大学);Shandong Normal University(山东师范大学);Nanjing University(南京大学);Wuhan University(武汉大学);Université de Montréal(蒙特利尔大学)
Can the Journal Impact Factor Be Used as a Criterion for the Selection of Junior Researchers? A Large-Scale Empirical Study Based on ResearcherID Data
在研究人员职业生涯的早期,很难评估他们的工作有多好,或者这些学者最终会有多重要或有多大影响力。因此,资助机构,学术部门和其他机构经常使用作者发表的期刊影响因子(JIF)来评估他们的工作,并为未来的工作提供资源和奖励。然而,以这种方式使用JIF受到了严厉的批评。本研究使用了一个包含数千名研究人员个人出版资料的大型数据集,测试了JIF(在其标准化变体中)在职业生涯开始时识别那些从长远来看将取得成功的候选人的能力。这里使用的指标不是纯粹的JIF和引用计数,而是根据Web of Science主题类别和出版年份进行标准化。该研究的结果表明,JIF(在其标准化的变体中)能够区分那些后来发表论文的研究人员,这些论文的引用影响力高于或低于某个领域和出版年份的平均水平-不仅在短期内,而且在长期内。然而,结果的低至中等效应量也表明,JIF(在其标准化变量中)不应被用作识别后期成功的唯一标准:其他标准,如具体研究的新颖性和重要性,学术成就和以前机构的声誉,也应该考虑。
Consensus and fragmentation in academic publication preferences
University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校);Copenhagen Center for Social Data Science, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学社会数据科学中心);Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校环境科学研究合作研究所);Stanford Doerr School of Sustainability, Stanford University(斯坦福大学道尔可持续发展学院);Department of Statistics & Data Science, Yale University(耶鲁大学统计与数据科学系);BioFrontiers Institute, University of Colorado Boulder(科罗拉多大学博尔德分校生物前沿研究所);Santa Fe Institute(圣塔菲研究所)