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arXiv 2203.06995cs.DL
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学术流动的多面性及其对学者职业生涯的影响

The many facets of academic mobility and its impact on scholars' career

Fakhri Momeni, Fariba Karimi, Philipp Mayr, Isabella Peters, Stefan Dietze

摘要:

学术界的国际流动可以加强研究人员的人力和社会资本,从而提高他们的科学成果。然而,对于具有不同社会人口特征的学者之间的不同流动模式的理解仍然非常有限。本研究的目的有两个。首先,我们调查在何种程度上的个人因素与研究人员的流动性。其次,我们探讨了流动性与科学活动和影响之间的关系。为此,我们使用了文献计量学的方法来跟踪作者的流动性。为了比较研究人员的科学成果,我们考虑了出版物的数量和引用次数作为指标,以及所有出版物中唯一共同作者的数量。我们还分析了研究人员的合著网络,并比较了移动和非移动研究人员的中心性措施。结果表明,来自北美和撒哈拉以南非洲的研究人员,特别是女性研究人员,国际流动的趋势最低,最高。拥有国际合著者增加了国际流动的可能性。我们的研究结果揭示了跨科学领域和国家的国际流动中的性别不平等。从性别来看,自然科学研究人员的流动率最高,社会科学研究人员的流动率最低。我们观察到社会科学家在职业生涯的高级阶段有更多的流动性,而其他领域的研究人员更喜欢在职业生涯的早期阶段流动。此外,我们发现流动性和科学成果之间存在正相关关系,但女性和男性之间没有明显差异。比较流动和非流动研究人员在合著网络中的中心地位,发现流动研究人员具有更高的社会资本优势。

英文摘要:

International mobility in academia can enhance the human and social capital of researchers and consequently their scientific outcome. However, there is still a very limited understanding of the different mobility patterns among scholars with various socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study is twofold. First, we investigate to what extent individual factors associate with the mobility of researchers. Second, we explore the relationship between mobility and scientific activity and impact. For this purpose, we used a bibliometric approach to track the mobility of authors. To compare the scientific outcomes of researchers, we considered the number of publications and received citations as indicators, as well as the number of unique co-authors in all their publications. We also analysed the co-authorship network of researchers and compared centrality measures of mobile and non-mobile researchers. Results show that researchers from North America and Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly female ones, have the lowest, respectively, highest tendency towards international mobility. Having international co-authors increases the probability of international movement. Our findings uncover gender inequality in international mobility across scientific fields and countries. Across genders, researchers in the Physical sciences have the most and in the Social sciences the least rate of mobility. We observed more mobility for Social scientists at the advanced career stage, while researchers in other fields prefer to move at earlier career stages. Also, we found a positive correlation between mobility and scientific outcomes, but no apparent difference between females and males. Comparing the centrality of mobile and non-mobile researchers in the co-authorship networks reveals a higher social capital advantage for mobile researchers.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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