arXiv 2203.059712022-03-11physics.atom-ph

氘核和HD +分子离子的彭宁阱质量测量

Penning-trap mass measurements of the deuteron and the HD+ molecular ion

Sascha Rau, Fabian Heiße, Florian Köhler-Langes, Sangeetha Sasidharan, Raphael Haas, Dennis Renisch, Christoph E. Düllmann, Wolfgang Quint, Sven Sturm, Klaus Blaum

发表信息：: Nature vol. 585, pages 43-47 (2020)
DOI：: 10.1038/s41586-020-2628-7

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摘要：

最轻原子核的质量和电子质量是相互关联的，在广泛的研究领域中至关重要，其值影响原子，分子和中微子物理学以及计量学中的可观测值。这些基本参数的最精确值来自彭宁阱质谱法，其实现了$10^{-11}$范围内的相对质量不确定度。然而，使用不同实验的数据进行冗余检查，发现质子（$m_p$）、氘核（$m_d$）和氦核（$m_\text{he}$）的质量存在显著的不一致，相当于$Δ=m_p+m_d-m_{\text{he}}$项的$5$标准差，这表明这些值的不确定性可能被低估了。在这里，我们提出的结果，从绝对质量测量的氘核和${HD}^+$分子离子对$^{12}C$作为质量参考。我们的值为氘核$m_d=2.013\,553\,212\,535 (17)$ u取代文献值的精度由$2.4$的一个因素，并偏离$4.8$标准偏差。由于$8$的相对不确定度为万亿分之一（ppt），这是直接以原子质量单位测量的最精确的质量值。此外，${HD}^+$分子离子$m({HD}^+)=3.021\,378\,241\,561\,(61)$ u的测量不仅允许我们对氘核（这项工作）和质子质量的测量进行严格的一致性检查，而且还建立了氚和氦-3的质量与原子质量单位的额外联系。结合最近测量的氘-质子质量比的不确定性的参考值的$m_p$可以减少三分之一。这是一篇发表在《自然》杂志上的文章的同行评议后的预编辑版本。最终认证版本可在https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2628-7上在线获得

英文摘要：

The masses of the lightest atomic nuclei and the electron mass are interlinked and are crucial in a wide range of research fields, with their values affecting observables in atomic, molecular and neutrino physics as well as metrology. The most precise values for these fundamental parameters come from Penning-trap mass spectrometry, which achieves relative mass uncertainties in the range of $10^{-11}$. However, redundancy checks using data from different experiments reveal significant inconsistencies in the masses of the proton ($m_p$), the deuteron ($m_d$) and helion ($m_\text{he}$), amounting to $5$ standard deviations for the term $Δ=m_p+m_d-m_{\text{he}}$, which suggests that the uncertainty of these values may have been underestimated. Here we present results from absolute mass measurements of the deuteron and the ${HD}^+$ molecular ion against $^{12}C$ as a mass reference. Our value for the deuteron $m_d=2.013\,553\,212\,535 (17)$u supersedes the precision of the literature value by a factor of $2.4$ and deviates from this by $4.8$ standard deviations. With a relative uncertainty of $8$ parts per trillion (ppt) this is the most precise mass value measured directly in atomic mass units. Furthermore, the measurement of the ${HD}^+$ molecular ion, $m({HD}^+)=3.021\,378\,241\,561\,(61)$u, not only allows for a rigorous consistency check of our measurements of the masses of the deuteron (this work) and proton, but also establishes an additional link for the masses of tritium and helium-3 to the atomic mass unit. Combined with a recent measurement of the deuteron-to-proton mass ratio the uncertainty of the reference value of $m_p$ can be reduced by a factor of three. This is a post-peer-review, pre-copyedit version of an article published in Nature. The final authenticated version is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2628-7

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