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arXiv 2202.13477physics.soc-phq-bio.PE
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传染病的超传播与异质性

Superspreading and Heterogeneity in Epidemics

Klaus Kroy

摘要:

流行病的传播通常通过速率和扩散方程进行建模和分析,遵循试管中良好控制的化学反应和扩散动力学的范例。然而,数学流行病学的先驱们已经表达了严重的担忧,即这种暗示性和吸引人的相似性可能是一个虚假的朋友。一个世纪后,我们可以利用网络和博弈论以及新兴的生态进化动力学领域的交叉受精来证实它们。因此,流行病的传播被揭示为一个基本的异质性和不稳定的过程,与更笨拙的现象,如地震,飓风,交通堵塞和股票崩溃,共享某些属性。它们都具有高尾部风险的特点,这些风险很少发生,但会致命。它们来自局部随机“超级传播者”事件的不太可能的连锁反应,微尺度的波动和不确定性可能会被极大地放大,这使得它们的准确预测和控制本质上非常困难。此外,流行病的传播与同样异质的遗传漂变和信息反馈密切相关,这增加了新的挑战和机会。

英文摘要:

Epidemic disease spreading is conventionally often modelled and analyzed by means of rate and diffusion equations, following the paradigms of well-controlled chemical reactions and diffusive dynamics in a test tube. Yet, serious worries that this suggestive and appealing similarity might be a false friend were already voiced by the pioneers of mathematical epidemiology. A century later, we can draw on cross-fertilizations from network and game theory and the emerging field of eco-evolutionary dynamics to substantiate them. Epidemiological spreading is thereby revealed as a fundamentally heterogeneous and erratic process that shares certain properties with more unwieldy phenomena, such as earthquakes, hurricanes, traffic jams, and stock crashes. They are all characterised by high tail risks that materialize very rarely but fatally. That they arise from bursts of unlikely chains of localized random "superspreader" events, by which micro-scale fluctuations and uncertainties may get heftily magnified, makes their accurate prediction and control intrinsically and notoriously hard. That epidemic disease spreading is moreover closely intertwined with equally heterogeneous genetic drift and information feedback adds new challenges -- and chances.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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