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arXiv 2202.11902cs.DS
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超立方体背包的PTAS算法

A PTAS for Packing Hypercubes into a Knapsack

Klaus Jansen, Arindam Khan, Marvin Lira, K. V. N. Sreenivas

摘要:

研究了d维超立方体背包问题,其中给定一组具有相关利润的d维超立方体,以及一个单位d维超立方体的背包。我们的目标是找到一个轴对齐的非重叠包装的一个子集的超立方体,使包装的超立方体的利润最大化。对于这个问题,Harren(ICALP'06)给出了一个近似比为(1+1/2 ^d + n)的算法。对于d=2,Jansen和Solis-Oba(IPCO'08)表明该问题允许多项式时间近似方案(PTAS); Heydrich和Wiese(SODA'17)进一步改进了运行时间并给出了有效的多项式时间近似方案(EPTAS)。这两个结果都使用了2-D填充的结构性质,但不能推广到更高的维度。当d>2时,仍然有可能得到PTAS,事实上,自Harren的结果以来,没有任何改进。我们通过提供PTAS来解决这个问题。我们的主要技术贡献是一个结构引理,它表明,任何包装的超立方体可以转换成另一个结构化包装,使一个高利润的子集的超立方体包装成一个常数的特殊超立方体,称为V盒和N盒。作为一个侧面的结果,我们给出了一个几乎最优的算法在更高的维度带包装问题的一个变种。这可能有其他多维几何包装问题的应用。

英文摘要:

We study the d-dimensional hypercube knapsack problem where we are given a set of d-dimensional hypercubes with associated profits, and a knapsack which is a unit d-dimensional hypercube. The goal is to find an axis-aligned non-overlapping packing of a subset of hypercubes such that the profit of the packed hypercubes is maximized. For this problem, Harren (ICALP'06) gave an algorithm with an approximation ratio of (1+1/2^d+epsilon). For d=2, Jansen and Solis-Oba (IPCO'08) showed that the problem admits a polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS); Heydrich and Wiese (SODA'17) further improved the running time and gave an efficient polynomial-time approximation scheme (EPTAS). Both the results use structural properties of 2-D packing, which do not generalize to higher dimensions. For d>2, it remains open to obtain a PTAS, and in fact, there has been no improvement since Harren's result. We settle the problem by providing a PTAS. Our main technical contribution is a structural lemma which shows that any packing of hypercubes can be converted into another structured packing such that a high profitable subset of hypercubes is packed into a constant number of special hypercuboids, called V-Boxes and N-Boxes. As a side result, we give an almost optimal algorithm for a variant of the strip packing problem in higher dimensions. This might have applications for other multidimensional geometric packing problems.

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