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arXiv 2202.09882hep-phhep-th
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中性载流子的电流和热产生:轴子效应

Electric Current and Heat Production by a Neutral Carrier: An Effect of the Axion

Iver Brevik, Masud Chaichian

摘要:

一个一般的轴子电动力学形式主义的唯象水平时,环境是电介质(介电常数和磁导率假定为常数)。此后,在$z$方向上考虑强且均匀的磁场,场区域具有长材料圆柱体的形式(其对应于晕圈镜设置)。如果轴子的振幅只取决于时间,轴子会产生一个在$z$方向的振荡电流。我们估计的方位角的磁场和伴随的焦耳加热的圆柱体的大小,采取圆柱体具有普通的耗散特性。我们评估和计算的电流和热生产分开,而不使用有效的近似,无论是当有一个强磁场,当有一个强的电场,显示与磁场有一个热生产,而与电场没有。我们考虑的热产生是一个非平凡的效应,因为它是由电中性的轴子产生的,并且对轴子热力学有明显的影响。此外,热产生可以具有额外的优点,因为效果是累积的并且因此随时间增长。边界条件(在经典意义上)的解释和使用它们在量子力学的背景下进行了讨论。这一点是重要的,特别是在与卡西米尔效应有关的情况下。为了比较的目的,我们最后提出一些结果的热耗散的粘性宇宙学理论。

英文摘要:

A general axion-electrodynamic formalism is presented on the phenomenological level when the environment is dielectric (permittivity and permeability assumed to be constants). Thereafter, a strong and uniform magnetic field is considered in the $z$ direction, the field region having the form of a long material cylinder (which corresponds to the haloscope setup). If the axion amplitude depends on time only, the axions give rise to an oscillating electric current in the $z$ direction. We estimate the magnitudes of the azimuthal magnetic fields and the accompanying Joule heating in the cylinder, taking the cylinder to have ordinary dissipative properties. We evaluate and calculate the electric current and the heat production separately, without using the effective approximation, both when there is a strong magnetic field and when there is a strong electric one, showing that with the magnetic field there is a heat production, while with the electric field there is not. The heat generation that we consider, is a nontrivial effect as it is generated by the electrically neutral axions, and has obvious consequences for axion thermodynamics. The heat production can moreover have an additional advantage, since the effect is accumulative and so grows with time. The boundary conditions (in a classical sense) are explained and the use of them in a quantum mechanical context is discussed. This point is nontrivial, accentuated in particular in connection with the Casimir effect. For comparison purposes, we present finally some results for heat dissipation taken from the theory of viscous cosmology.

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