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arXiv 2202.08894cs.ROcs.CV
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基于连续时间和离散时间视觉的SLAM的比较研究

Continuous-Time vs. Discrete-Time Vision-based SLAM: A Comparative Study

University of Zurich(苏黎世大学);ETH Zurich(苏黎世联邦理工学院)

Giovanni Cioffi, Titus Cieslewski, Davide Scaramuzza

摘要:

机器人从业者通常通过离散时间公式来处理基于视觉的SLAM问题。这有一个巩固的理论和非常好的理解成功和失败的情况下的优势。然而,当来自不同传感器的高速率和/或异步测量存在于估计过程中时,离散时间SLAM需要定制的算法和简化的假设。相反,经常被实践者忽视的连续时间SLAM不受这些限制的影响。事实上,它允许异步地集成新的传感器数据,而无需为每个新的测量添加新的优化变量。通过这种方式,传感器数据的异步或连续高速流的集成不需要定制和高度工程化的算法,从而能够以直观的方式融合多种传感器模态。不利的一面是,连续时间引入了一个先验,在一些不利的情况下可能会恶化轨迹估计。在这项工作中,我们的目标是系统地比较基于视觉的SLAM的两种配方的优点和局限性。为此,我们进行了广泛的实验分析,改变机器人类型,运动速度和传感器模式。我们的实验分析表明,独立的轨迹类型,连续时间SLAM是优于其离散对应的传感器不时间同步。在这项工作的背景下,我们开发并开源了一个模块化和高效的软件架构,其中包含最先进的算法来解决离散和连续时间的SLAM问题。

英文摘要:

Robotic practitioners generally approach the vision-based SLAM problem through discrete-time formulations. This has the advantage of a consolidated theory and very good understanding of success and failure cases. However, discrete-time SLAM needs tailored algorithms and simplifying assumptions when high-rate and/or asynchronous measurements, coming from different sensors, are present in the estimation process. Conversely, continuous-time SLAM, often overlooked by practitioners, does not suffer from these limitations. Indeed, it allows integrating new sensor data asynchronously without adding a new optimization variable for each new measurement. In this way, the integration of asynchronous or continuous high-rate streams of sensor data does not require tailored and highly-engineered algorithms, enabling the fusion of multiple sensor modalities in an intuitive fashion. On the down side, continuous time introduces a prior that could worsen the trajectory estimates in some unfavorable situations. In this work, we aim at systematically comparing the advantages and limitations of the two formulations in vision-based SLAM. To do so, we perform an extensive experimental analysis, varying robot type, speed of motion, and sensor modalities. Our experimental analysis suggests that, independently of the trajectory type, continuous-time SLAM is superior to its discrete counterpart whenever the sensors are not time-synchronized. In the context of this work, we developed, and open source, a modular and efficient software architecture containing state-of-the-art algorithms to solve the SLAM problem in discrete and continuous time.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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