表观竞争模型中的斑图形成和粗化动力学
Pattern formation and coarsening dynamics in apparent competition models
摘要：
表观竞争是物种之间的间接相互作用，这些物种共享自然资源，没有任何相互侵略，但如果有共同的敌人，则会相互产生负面影响。表观竞争的负面结果反映在物种的空间分离，这影响了他们的种群动态。执行一系列的随机模拟，我们研究了一个模型，两个猎物物种的生物不竞争空间，但共享一个共同的捕食者。我们的研究结果阐明了捕食者在模式形成和粗化动态中发挥的核心作用，在表观竞争模型。调查捕食者死亡率对物种持久性的影响，我们发现曲率驱动的缩放制度和共存的情况之间的交叉。对于低捕食者死亡率，主要由一种类型的猎物居住的空间域出现，周围的界面，主要包含捕食者。我们证明了界面网络的动力学是曲率驱动的，其粗化遵循与其他非线性系统相同的标度律。表观竞争的影响降低捕食者死亡率高，允许生物体的两个猎物物种，以共享更显着的分数的晶格。最后，我们的研究结果表明，捕食能力在单一的猎物域影响的标度幂律的粗化动力学的特点。我们的研究结果可能有助于生物学家理解具有明显竞争的系统中生物多样性的格局形成和动态。
英文摘要：
Apparent competition is an indirect interaction between species that share natural resources without any mutual aggression but negatively affect each other if there is a common enemy. The negative results of the apparent competition are reflected in the species spatial segregation, which impacts the dynamics of their populations. Performing a series of stochastic simulations, we study a model where organisms of two prey species do not compete for space but share a common predator. Our outcomes elucidate the central role played by the predator in the pattern formation and coarsening dynamics in apparent competition models. Investigating the effects of predator mortality on the persistence of the species, we find a crossover between a curvature driven scaling regime and a coexistence scenario. For low predator mortality, spatial domains mainly inhabited by one type of prey arise, surrounded by interfaces that mostly contain predators. We demonstrate that the dynamics of the interface network are curvature driven whose coarsening follows a scaling law common to other nonlinear systems. The effects of the apparent competition decrease for high predator mortality, allowing organisms of two prey species to share a more significant fraction of lattice. Finally, our results reveal that predation capacity in single-prey domains influences the scaling power law that characterises the coarsening dynamics. Our findings may be helpful to biologists to understand the pattern formation and dynamics of biodiversity in systems with apparent competition.
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