This paper presents a lightweight network for head pose estimation (HPE) task. While previous approaches rely on convolutional neural networks, the proposed network \textit{LwPosr} uses mixture of depthwise separable convolutional (DSC) and transformer encoder layers which are structured in two streams and three stages to provide fine-grained regression for predicting head poses. The quantitative and qualitative demonstration is provided to show that the proposed network is able to learn head poses efficiently while using less parameter space. Extensive ablations are conducted using three open-source datasets namely 300W-LP, AFLW2000, and BIWI datasets. To our knowledge, (1) \textit{LwPosr} is the lightest network proposed for estimating head poses compared to both keypoints-based and keypoints-free approaches; (2) it sets a benchmark for both overperforming the previous lightweight network on mean absolute error and on reducing number of parameters; (3) it is first of its kind to use mixture of DSCs and transformer encoders for HPE. This approach is suitable for mobile devices which require lightweight networks.
Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团）；Amazon Prime Video（亚马逊Prime Video）
Existing semantic segmentation works have been mainly focused on designing effective decoders; however, the computational load introduced by the overall structure has long been ignored, which hinders their applications on resource-constrained hardwares. In this paper, we propose a head-free lightweight architecture specifically for semantic segmentation, named Adaptive Frequency Transformer. It adopts a parallel architecture to leverage prototype representations as specific learnable local descriptions which replaces the decoder and preserves the rich image semantics on high-resolution feature…
UBTech Robotics Corp Ltd（优必选机器人股份有限公司）；Shanghaitech University（上海科技大学）；Institute for Infocomm Research（信息通信研究院）
With the emergence of service robots and surveillance cameras, dynamic face recognition (DFR) in wild has received much attention in recent years. Face detection and head pose estimation are two important steps for DFR. Very often, the pose is estimated after the face detection. However, such sequential computations lead to higher latency. In this paper, we propose a low latency and lightweight network for simultaneous face detection, landmark localization and head pose estimation. Inspired by the observation that it is more challenging to locate the facial landmarks for faces with large angle…
Iowa State University（爱荷华州立大学）；University of Iowa（爱荷华大学）；Tippie College of Business（蒂皮商学院）
For a globally recognized planting breeding organization, manually-recorded field observation data is crucial for plant breeding decision making. However, certain phenotypic traits such as plant color, height, kernel counts, etc. can only be collected during a specific time-window of a crop's growth cycle. Due to labor-intensive requirements, only a small subset of possible field observations are recorded each season. To help mitigate this data collection bottleneck in wheat breeding, we propose a novel deep learning framework to accurately and efficiently count wheat heads to aid in the gathe…
The increasing accessibility and precision of Earth observation satellite data offers considerable opportunities for industrial and state actors alike. This calls however for efficient methods able to process time-series on a global scale. Building on recent work employing multi-headed self-attention mechanisms to classify remote sensing time sequences, we propose a modification of the Temporal Attention Encoder. In our network, the channels of the temporal inputs are distributed among several compact attention heads operating in parallel. Each head extracts highly-specialized temporal feature…
Beijing Institute of Technology（北京理工大学）；University of Delaware（特拉华大学）；The Aviation Industry Corporation of China, Ltd.（中国航空工业集团有限公司）；Luoyang Institute of Electro-Optical Equipment（洛阳电光设备研究所）
A few lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) models have been recently designed for remote sensing object detection (RSOD). However, most of them simply replace vanilla convolutions with stacked separable convolutions, which may not be efficient due to a lot of precision losses and may not be able to detect oriented bounding boxes (OBB). Also, the existing OBB detection methods are difficult to constrain the shape of objects predicted by CNNs accurately. In this paper, we propose an effective lightweight oriented object detector (LO-Det). Specifically, a channel separation-aggregation …
Chongqing University of Science and Technology（重庆科技学院）
Real-time object detection on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) is a challenging issue due to the limited computing resources of edge GPU devices as Internet of Things (IoT) nodes. To solve this problem, in this paper, we propose a novel lightweight deep learning architectures named FasterX based on YOLOX model for real-time object detection on edge GPU. First, we design an effective and lightweight PixSF head to replace the original head of YOLOX to better detect small objects, which can be further embedded in the depthwise separable convolution (DS Conv) to achieve a lighter head. Then, a slim…
Due to the powerful ability to encode image details and semantics, many lightweight dual-resolution networks have been proposed in recent years. However, most of them ignore the benefit of boundary information. This paper introduces a lightweight dual-resolution network, called DRBANet, aiming to refine semantic segmentation results with the aid of boundary information. DRBANet adopts dual parallel architecture, including: high resolution branch (HRB) and low resolution branch (LRB). Specifically, HRB mainly consists of a set of Efficient Inverted Bottleneck Modules (EIBMs), which learn featur…
Human head pose estimation is an essential problem in facial analysis in recent years that has a lot of computer vision applications such as gaze estimation, virtual reality, and driver assistance. Because of the importance of the head pose estimation problem, it is necessary to design a compact model to resolve this task in order to reduce the computational cost when deploying on facial analysis-based applications such as large camera surveillance systems, AI cameras while maintaining accuracy. In this work, we propose a lightweight model that effectively addresses the head pose estimation pr…
Head pose estimation is a challenging task that aims to solve problems related to predicting three dimensions vector, that serves for many applications in human-robot interaction or customer behavior. Previous researches have proposed some precise methods for collecting head pose data. But those methods require either expensive devices like depth cameras or complex laboratory environment setup. In this research, we introduce a new approach with efficient cost and easy setup to collecting head pose images, namely UET-Headpose dataset, with top-view head pose data. This method uses an absolute o…
Despite the exciting performance, Transformer is criticized for its excessive parameters and computation cost. However, compressing Transformer remains as an open problem due to its internal complexity of the layer designs, i.e., Multi-Head Attention (MHA) and Feed-Forward Network (FFN). To address this issue, we introduce Group-wise Transformation towards a universal yet lightweight Transformer for vision-and-language tasks, termed as LW-Transformer. LW-Transformer applies Group-wise Transformation to reduce both the parameters and computations of Transformer, while also preserving its two ma…
Graph convolution networks (GCNs) are currently mainstream in learning with irregular data. These models rely on message passing and attention mechanisms that capture context and node-to-node relationships. With multi-head attention, GCNs become highly accurate but oversized, and their deployment on cheap devices requires their pruning. However, pruning at high regimes usually leads to topologically inconsistent networks with weak generalization. In this paper, we devise a novel method for lightweight GCN design. Our proposed approach parses and selects subnetworks with the highest magnitudes …
LYT-NET: Lightweight YUV Transformer-based Network for Low-light Image Enhancement
University of Manchester, United Kingdom（曼彻斯特大学）；University Politehnica Timisoara, Romania（蒂米șoara多尔多大学）；West University of Timisoara, Romania（蒂米șoara西大学）
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Recent research on human pose estimation exploits complex structures to improve performance on benchmark datasets, ignoring the resource overhead and inference speed when the model is actually deployed. In this paper, we lighten the computation cost and parameters of the deconvolution head network in SimpleBaseline and introduce an attention mechanism that utilizes original, inter-level, and intra-level information to intensify the accuracy. Additionally, we propose a novel loss function called heatmap weighting loss, which generates weights for each pixel on the heatmap that makes the model m…
The University of Melbourne（墨尔本大学）；Deakin University（迪肯大学）
Deep neural networks (DNNs) are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples/attacks, raising concerns about their reliability in safety-critical applications. A number of defense methods have been proposed to train robust DNNs resistant to adversarial attacks, among which adversarial training has so far demonstrated the most promising results. However, recent studies have shown that there exists an inherent tradeoff between accuracy and robustness in adversarially-trained DNNs. In this paper, we propose a novel technique Dual Head Adversarial Training (DH-AT) to further improve the robustne…
University Of Electronic Science And Technology Of China（电子科技大学）
Image super-resolution reconstruction is an important task in the field of image processing technology, which can restore low resolution image to high quality image with high resolution. In recent years, deep learning has been applied in the field of image super-resolution reconstruction. With the continuous development of deep neural network, the quality of the reconstructed images has been greatly improved, but the model complexity has also been increased. In this paper, we propose two lightweight models named as MSwinSR and UGSwinSR based on Swin Transformer. The most important structure in…
Non-local (NL) block is a popular module that demonstrates the capability to model global contexts. However, NL block generally has heavy computation and memory costs, so it is impractical to apply the block to high-resolution feature maps. In this paper, to investigate the efficacy of NL block, we empirically analyze if the magnitude and direction of input feature vectors properly affect the attention between vectors. The results show the inefficacy of softmax operation which is generally used to normalize the attention map of the NL block. Attention maps normalized with softmax operation hig…
