We present DarkFlux, a software tool designed to analyze indirect-detection signatures for next-generation models of dark matter (DM) with multiple annihilation channels. Version 1.0 of this tool accepts user-generated models with $2\to 2$ tree-level dark matter annihilation to pairs of Standard Model (SM) particles and analyzes DM annihilation to $γ$ rays. The tool consists of three modules -- the annihilation fraction module, the flux module, and the analysis module -- which can be run in a loop in order to scan over DM mass if desired. [A description of each module is available in the full abstract.] DarkFlux v1.0 compares the total $γ$-ray flux to a joint-likelihood analysis of fifteen dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) analyzed by the $Fermi$-LAT collaboration. DarkFlux automatically provides data tables and can plot the output of the three modules. In this manual, we briefly motivate this indirect-detection computer tool and review the essential DM physics. We then describe the several modules of DarkFlux in greater detail. Finally, we show how to install and run DarkFlux and provide two worked examples demonstrating its capabilities.
In this study we investigated indirect manifestations of color octet electron at the next generation linear colliders: International Linear Collider (ILC) and Compact Linear Collider (CLIC). Namely, production of two gluons via color octet electron exchange is considered. Signal and background analysis have been performed taking into account initial state radiation and beamstrahlung. We show that color octet electron (e_(8)) manifestation will be seen upto M(e_(8))=1.75 TeV and 1.70 TeV at ILC and CLIC with sqrt(s)=0.5 TeV, respectively. CLIC with sqrt(s)=3 TeV will be sensitive upto M(e_(8))=…
In my contribution I review the status of indirect detection of dark matter with gamma-rays, including results of the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope as well as Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes (IACT), like H.E.S.S., MAGIC and VERITAS. I will also briefly address the perspectives for the next generation IACT, the Cherenkov Telescope Array
We study potential signals of neutralino dark matter indirect detection by neutrino telescopes in a wide range of CMSSM parameters. We also compare with direct detection potential signals taking into account in both cases present and future experiment sensitivities. Only models with neutralino annihilation into gauge bosons can satisfy cosmological constraints and current neutrino indirect detection sensitivities. For both direct and indirect detection, only next generation experiments will be able to really test this kind of models.
These lectures, presented at TASI 2016: Anticipating the Next Discoveries in Particle Physics, provide an introduction to some key methods and tools of indirect dark matter searches. Topics covered include estimation of dark matter signals, thermal freezeout and related scenarios, potential effects of dark matter annihilation on the early universe, modeling photon signals from annihilation or decay, and a brief and qualitative introduction to diffusive propagation of cosmic rays. The second half of the notes gives a status report (circa summer 2016) on selected experimental searches, the resul…
We study the possibilities for the indirect detection of dark matter in Split Supersymmetry from gamma-rays, positrons, and antiprotons. The most promising signal is the gamma-ray line, which may be observable at the next generation of detectors. For certain halo profiles and a high mass neutralino, the line can even be visible in current experiments. The continuous gamma-ray signal may be observable, if there is a central spike in the galactic halo density. The signals are found to be similar to those in MSSM models. These indirect signals complement other experiments, being most easily obser…
We review the status of sterile neutrino dark matter and discuss astrophysical and cosmological bounds on its properties as well as future prospects for its experimental searches. We argue that if sterile neutrinos are the dominant fraction of dark matter, detecting an astrophysical signal from their decay (the so-called 'indirect detection') may be the only way to identify these particles experimentally. However, it may be possible to check the dark matter origin of the observed signal unambiguously using its characteristic properties and/or using synergy with accelerator experiments, searchi…
We show, by using an extensive sample of viable supersymmetric models as templates, that indirect detection of dark matter through gamma rays may have a large potential for identifying the nature of dark matter. This is in particular true also for models that give too weak dark matter-nucleon scattering cross sections to be probed by present and planned direct detection experiments. Also models with a mass scale too high to be accessible at CERN's LHC accelerator may show up in next-generation imaging Cherenkov telescope arrays. Based on our our findings, we therefore suggest to view indirect …
We study the neutralino dark matter phenomenology in the context of effective field theories derived from the weakly--coupled heterotic string. We consider in particular direct detection and indirect detection with neutrino telescopes rates. The two cases of moduli dominated and dilaton dominated SUSY breaking lead to completely different phenomenologies. Even if in both cases relic density constraints can be fulfilled, moduli domination generically leads to detection rates which are much below the present and future experimental sensitivities, whereas dilaton domination gives high detection r…
If finite but tiny masses of the three active neutrinos are generated via the canonical seesaw mechanism with three heavy sterile neutrinos, the 3\times 3 Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata neutrino mixing matrix V will not be exactly unitary. This kind of indirect unitarity violation can be probed in a precision reactor antineutrino oscillation experiment, but it may be entangled with terrestrial matter effects as both of them are very small. We calculate the probability of \overlineν_e \to \overlineν_e oscillations in a good analytical approximation, and find that, besides the zero-distance eff…
We study the possibility of identifying dark matter properties from direct (XENON100) and indirect (GLAST) detection experiments. In the same way, we examine the perspectives given by the next generation of colliders (ILC). All this analysis is done following a model-independent approach. We have shown that the three detection techniques can act in a highly complementary way. whereas direct detection experiments will probe efficiently light WIMPs, given a positive detection (at the 10% level for $m_χ \sim 50$ GeV), GLAST will be able to confirm and even increase the precision in the case of a …
We study the possibility of identifying dark matter properties from XENON-like 100 kg experiments and the GLAST satellite mission. We show that whereas direct detection experiments will probe efficiently light WIMPs, given a positive detection (at the 10% level for $m_χ \lesssim 50$ GeV), GLAST will be able to confirm and even increase the precision in the case of a NFW profile, for a WIMP-nucleon cross-section $σ_{χ-p} \lesssim 10^{-8}$ pb. We also predict the rate of production of a WIMP in the next generation of colliders (ILC), and compare their sensitivity to the WIMP mass with the XENON …
Low-energy antinuclei measurements for background-free indirect dark matter searches and PBH signatures
Northeastern University（东北大学）；University of Hawaii at Manoa（夏威夷大学马诺阿分校）；University of Torino/INFN（都灵大学/意大利国家核物理研究所）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；Oakland University（奥克兰大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；University of California, Santa Cruz（加利福尼亚大学圣克鲁兹分校）；Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
Kane and Wells recently argued that collider data point to a Higgsino-like lightest supersymmetric partner which would explain the dark matter in our Galactic halo. They discuss direct detection of such dark-matter particles in laboratory detectors. Here, we argue that such a particle, if it is indeed the dark matter, might alternatively be accessible in experiments which search for energetic neutrinos from dark-matter annihilation in the Sun. We provide accurate analytic estimates for the rates which take into account all relevant physical effects. Currently, the predicted signal falls roughl…
We study the neutralino being the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) as a cold Dark Matter (DM) candidate with a mass less than 40 GeV in the framework of the Next-to-Minimal-Supersymmetric-Standard-Model (NMSSM). We find that with the current collider constraints from LEP, the Tevatron and the LHC, there are three types of light DM solutions consistent with the direct/indirect searches as well as the relic abundance considerations: (i) A1, H1-funnels, (ii) stau coannihilation and (iii) sbottom coannihilation. Type-(i) may take place in any theory with a light scalar (or pseudo-scalar) nea…
Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model neutralino dark matter candidates in the (1-15) GeV range are found with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo scanning code. A very light, singlet-like Higgs and/or CP-odd Higgs is needed in order to achieve such light masses. Light scalar Higgses can yield large direct detection cross sections, suitable for an account of the recent claims for signals. Neutralino annihilations via resonant light pseudoscalar Higgs exchanges can overproduce the indirect yield of gamma-rays from dwarf spheroidal galaxies. Hence, direct and indirect detection experiments probe …
We present a model of weak scale Dark Matter (DM) where the thermal DM density is set by the lepton asymmetry due to the presence of higher dimension lepton violating operators. In these models there is generically a separation between the annihilation cross-section responsible for the relic abundance (through lepton violating operators) and the annihilation cross-section that is relevant for the indirect detection of DM (through lepton preserving operators). Due to this separation, there is a perceived boost in the annihilation cross-section in the galaxy today relative to that derived for ca…
We present a complete phenomenological prospectus for thermal relic neutralinos. Including Sommerfeld enhancements to relic abundance and halo annihilation calculations, we obtain direct, indirect, and collider discovery prospects for all neutralinos with mass parameters $M_1,M_2,|μ| < 4$ TeV, that freeze out to the observed dark matter abundance, with scalar superpartners decoupled. Much of the relic neutralino sector will be uncovered by the direct detection experiments Xenon1T and LZ, as well as indirect detection with CTA. We emphasize that thermal relic higgsinos will be found by next-gen…
High to ultrahigh energy neutrino detectors can uniquely probe the properties of dark matter $χ$ by searching for the secondary products produced through annihilation and/or decay processes. We evaluate the sensitivities to dark matter thermally averaged annihilation cross section $\langleσv\rangle$ and partial decay width into neutrinos $Γ_{χ\rightarrowν\barν}$ (in the mass scale $10^7 \leq m_χ/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{15}$) for next generation observatories like POEMMA and GRAND. We show that in the range $ 10^7 \leq m_χ/{\rm GeV} \leq 10^{11}$, space-based Cherenkov detectors like POEMMA have the…
The complementarity of direct, indirect and collider searches for dark matter has improved our understanding concerning the properties of the dark matter particle. In this short review, we present a step toward the fundamental nature of dark matter with direct detection experiments only, go through some of the potential dark matter signals in gamma-rays, x-rays, and anti-matter, and lastly discuss the prospects of WIMPs in the next decade.
A real singlet scalar, connected to the Standard Model sector through a portal with the Higgs boson, is one of the simplest and most popular models for dark matter (DM). However, the experimental advances in direct and indirect DM searches, together with the latest results from the LHC, have ruled out vast areas of the parameter space of this scenario, and are expected to probe it completely within the next years, ruling it out if no signal is found. Motivated by the simplicity of this model, in this article we address a minimal, renormalizable extension that could evade detection, consisting …
The anomaly detected by AMS-02 and PAMELA in the cosmic-ray positron flux when interpreted as arising from dark matter annihilation suggests that dark matter may interact differently with hadrons and leptons so as to remain compatible with cosmic-ray antiproton data. Such a scenario is readily accommodated in models with extra spatial dimensions. We study indirect detection of Kaluza-Klein (KK) dark matter in Universal Extra Dimensions with brane-localized terms and fermion bulk masses: Next-to-Minimal Universal Extra Dimensions. So that an excess of antiprotons is not produced in explaining t…
We present an overview of supersymmetry searches, both at collider experiments and via searches for dark matter (DM). We focus on three DM possibilities in the SUSY context: the thermally produced neutralino, a mixture of axion and axino, and the gravitino, and compare and contrast signals that may be expected at colliders, in direct detection (DD) experiments searching of DM relics left over from the Big Bang, and indirect detection (ID) experiments designed to detect the products of DM annihilations within the solar interior or galactic halo. Detection of DM particles using multiple strategi…
Recently, a new Solar System population of weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter has been proposed to exist. We investigate the implications of this population on indirect signals in neutrino telescopes (due to WIMP annihilations in the Earth) for the case when the WIMP is the lightest neutralino of the MSSM, the minimal supersymmetric extension of the standard model. The velocity distribution and capture rate of this new population is evaluated and the flux of neutrino-induced muons from the center of the Earth in neutrino telescopes is calculated. The strength of the signal …
We study the process of dark matter particles scattering off $^{3,4}$He with nuclear wave functions computed using an ab initio many-body framework. We employ realistic nuclear interactions from chiral effective field theory at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) and develop an ab initio scheme to compute a general set of different nuclear response functions. In particular, we then perform an accompanying uncertainty quantification on these quantities and study error propagation to physical observables. We find a rich structure of allowed nuclear responses with significant uncertainties for c…
GRAMS (Gamma-Ray and AntiMatter Survey) is a novel project that can simultaneously target both astrophysical observations with MeV gamma rays and an indirect dark matter search with antimatter. The GRAMS instrument is designed with a cost-effective, large-scale LArTPC (Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber) detector surrounded by plastic scintillators. The astrophysical observations at MeV energies have not yet been well-explored (the so-called "MeV-gap") and GRAMS can improve the sensitivity by more than an order of magnitude compared to previous experiments. While primarily focusing on MeV ga…
In the last decades a vaste amount of evidence for the existence of dark matter has been accumulated. At the same time, many efforts have been undertaken to try to identify what dark matter is. Indirect searches look at places in the Universe where dark matter is believed to be abundant and seek for possible annihilation or decay signatures. The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) represents the next generation of imaging Cherenkov telescopes and, with one site in the Southern hemisphere and one in the Northern hemisphere, will be able to observe all the sky with unprecedented sensitivity and angu…
In this brief review of recent theoretical developments associated with the search for dark matter I describe the following: why baryons are now ruled out as dark matter candidates; SUSY WIMPS and signatures in the MSSM and NMSSM why claimed indirect signatures are probably not WIMP related, why axions may be of new interest, how WIMP detection might tell us about the galactic halo, and how theorists are preparing to avoid the next generation of experimental constraints.
We comprehensively study experimental constraints and prospects for a class of minimal hidden sector dark matter (DM) models, highlighting how the cosmological history of these models informs the experimental signals. We study simple "secluded" models, where the DM freezes out into unstable dark mediator states, and consider the minimal cosmic history of this dark sector, where coupling of the dark mediator to the SM was sufficient to keep the two sectors in thermal equilibrium at early times. In the well-motivated case where the dark mediators couple to the Standard Model (SM) via renormaliza…
Improved limits as well as tentative claims for dark matter annihilation into gamma-ray lines have been presented recently. We study the direct detection cross section induced from dark matter annihilation into two photons in a model-independent fashion, assuming no additional couplings between dark matter and nuclei. We find a striking non-standard recoil spectrum due to different destructively interfering contributions to the dark matter nucleus scattering cross section. While in the case of s-wave annihilation the current sensitivity of direct detection experiments is insufficient to compet…
The Higgs-portal model with a singlet scalar Dark Matter particle is one of the simplest extensions to the Standard Model that can reproduce the relic density. Unfortunately this model is strongly constrained by direct and indirect DM detection, as well as by collider physics. Most of the parameter space is already ruled-out and the rest will be explored in the next future. We show that a simple extension of the DM sector with a second scalar singlet enables a substantial opening of the allowed window in the parameter space.
Split higgsinos are a compelling class of models to explain dark matter and may be on the verge of detection by multiple current experimental avenues. The idea is based on a large split in scales between the electroweak scale and decoupled scalars, with relatively light higgsinos between the two. Such models enjoy the merit of depending on very few parameters while still explaining gauge coupling unification, dark matter, and most of the hierarchy between the Planck and electroweak scales, and they remain undetected by past experiments. We analyze split higgsinos in view of current and next ge…
We provide precise predictions for the hard photon spectrum resulting from neutral SU$(2)_W$ triplet (wino) dark matter annihilation. Our calculation is performed utilizing an effective field theory expansion around the endpoint region where the photon energy is near the wino mass. This has direct relevance to line searches at indirect detection experiments. We compute the spectrum at next-to-leading logarithmic (NLL) accuracy within the framework established by a factorization formula derived previously by our collaboration. This allows simultaneous resummation of large Sudakov logarithms (ar…
The problem of the dark matter in the universe is reviewed. A short history of the subject is given, and several of the most obvious particle candidates for dark matter are identified. Particular focus is given to weakly interacting, massive particles (WIMPs) of which the lightest supersymmetric particle is an interesting special case and a usful template. The three detection methods: in particle accelerators, by direct detection of scattering in terrestrial detectors, and indirect detection of products from dark matter particle annihilation in the galactic halo, are discussed and their comple…
We perform a complete analysis of the consistency of the singlet-triplet scotogenic model, where both dark matter and neutrino masses can be explained. We determine the parameter space that yields the proper thermal relic density been in agreement with neutrino physics, lepton flavor violation, direct and indirect dark matter searches. In particular, we calculate the dark matter annihilation into two photons, finding that the corresponding cross-section is below the present bounds reported by the Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. collaborations. We also determine the spin-dependent cross-section for dark…
While many interactions of dark matter (DM) with the standard model (SM) affect direct detection and LHC searches, there are only a few operators generating annihilation of DM into photons. All of these operators, except four of them, give rise to unsuppressed rates, rendering indirect detection superior to other search strategies. For two of the four effective interactions with velocity-suppressed annihilation cross sections, we identify a new type of loop effect which significantly enhances the associated direct detection rates. As a result, relevant constraints from next-generation direct d…
With the large progress in searches for dark matter (DM) particles with indirect and direct methods, we develop a numerical tool that enables fast calculations of the likelihoods of specified DM particle models given a number of observational data, such as charged cosmic rays from space-borne experiments (e.g., PAMELA, AMS-02), gamma-rays from the Fermi space telescope, and underground direct detection experiments. The purpose of this tool --- LikeDM, likelihood calculator for dark matter detection --- is to bridge the gap between a particle model of DM and the observational data. The intermed…
We systematically study models with light scalar and pseudoscalar dark matter candidates and their potential signals at the LHC. First, we derive cosmological bounds on models with the Standard Model Higgs mediator and with a new weak-scale mediator. Next, we study two processes inspired by the indirect and direct detection process topologies, now happening inside the LHC detectors. We find that LHC can observe very light dark matter over a huge mass range if it is produced in mediator decays and then scatters with the detector material to generate jets in the nuclear recoil.
We investigate the capability of directional detectors to probe neutralino dark matter in the Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model and the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model with parameters defined at the weak scale. We show that directional detectors such as the future MIMAC detector will probe spin dependent dark matter scattering on nucleons that are beyond the reach of current spin independent detectors. The complementarity between indirect searches, in particular using gamma rays from dwarf spheroidal galaxies, spin dependent and spin independent direct search techniques is em…
We consider DM that only couples to SM gauge bosons and fills one gauge multiplet, e.g. a fermion 5-plet (which is automatically stable), or a wino-like 3-plet. We revisit the computation of the cosmological relic abundance including non-perturbative corrections. The predicted mass of e.g. the 5-plet increases from 4.4 TeV to 10 TeV, and indirect detection rates are enhanced by 2 orders of magnitude. Next, we show that due to the quasi-degeneracy among neutral and charged components of the DM multiplet, a significant fraction of DM with energy E > 10^17 eV (possibly present among ultra-high en…
Dark matter (DM) simplified models are by now commonly used by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations to interpret searches for missing transverse energy ($E_T^\mathrm{miss}$). The coherent use of these models sharpened the LHC DM search program, especially in the presentation of its results and their comparison to DM direct-detection (DD) and indirect-detection (ID) experiments. However, the community has been aware of the limitations of the DM simplified models, in particular the lack of theoretical consistency of some of them and their restricted phenomenology leading to the relevance of only a s…
The need for dark matter is briefly reviewed. A wealth of observational information points to the existence of a non-baryonic component. To the theoretically favoured candidates today belong axions, supersymmetric particles, and to some extent massive neutrinos. The theoretical foundation and experimental situation for each of these is reviewed. In particular, indirect detection methods of supersymmetric dark matter are described. Present experiments are just reaching the required sensitivity to discover or rule out some of these candidates, and major improvements are planned over the next few…
We study the multi-wavelength signal induced by pairs annihilations at the Galactic center (GC) of a recently proposed dark matter (DM) candidate. The weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) candidate, named A_, is the first Kaluza-Klein mode of a five dimensional Abelian gauge boson. Electroweak precision tests and the DM cosmological bound constrain its mass and pair annihilation rate in small ranges, leading to precise predictions of indirect signals from what concerns the particle physics side. The related multi-wavelength emission is expected to be faint, unless a significant enhanceme…
