氟化在宏观水平上增加疏水性，但在微观水平上不增加
Fluorination Increases Hydrophobicity at the Macroscopic Level but not at the Microscopic Level
摘要：
过去已经基于疏水性聚合物（例如聚苯乙烯（PS））详细研究了疏水性相互作用。由于氟化材料具有相对低的表面能，因此它们通常在宏观水平上显示出疏油性和疏水性。然而，它仍然是未知的如何疏水聚合物的疏水性影响在微观水平上。本论文采用可逆加成-断裂链转移聚合法合成了聚苯乙烯和氟取代聚苯乙烯（FPS）。接触角测量证实，由于氟的引入，FPS在宏观水平上比PS更疏水。然而，单分子力谱实验表明，在水中展开PS和FPS纳米颗粒所需的力是不可区分的，这表明驱动PS和FPS纳米颗粒自组装的疏水效应的强度在微观水平上是相同的。疏水效应在宏观和微观水平上的差异可能暗示了不同的潜在机制：微观水平上的疏水性由溶剂水合作用和宏观水平上的表面缔合相互作用主导。
英文摘要：
Hydrophobic interactions have been studied in detail in the past based on hydrophobic polymers, such as polystyrene (PS). Because fluorinated materials have relatively low surface energy, they often show both oleophobicity and hydrophobicity at the macroscopic level. However, it remains unknown how fluorination of hydrophobic polymer influences hydrophobicity at the microscopic level. In this work, we synthesized PS and fluorine-substituted PS (FPS) by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method. Contact angle measurements confirmed that FPS is more hydrophobic than PS at the macroscopic level due to the introduction of fluorine. However, single molecule force spectroscopy experiments showed that the forces required to unfold the PS and FPS nanoparticles in water are indistinguishable, indicating that the strength of the hydrophobic ffect that drives the self-assembly of PS and FPS nanoparticles is the same at the microscopic level. The divergence of hydrophobic effect at the macroscopic and microscopic level may hint different underlying mechanisms: the hydrophobicity is dominated by the solvent hydration at the microscopic level and the surface-associated interaction at the macroscopic level.
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