公司和国家规模的经济生态系统的不同结构
The different structure of economic ecosystems at the scales of companies and countries
摘要：
理解复杂系统的一个关键要素是研究的空间尺度与其要素之间相互关系的结构之间的关系。在经济系统方面，众所周知，国家-产品二分网络呈现出嵌套结构，这是用于科学研究国家发展和预测国家经济增长的不同算法的基础。把话题从国家转移到公司，一个截然不同的情景出现了。通过对意大利企业出口的独特数据集和包括各国出口的全球数据集的分析，我们发现，虽然在国家一级观察到全球嵌套结构，但在企业一级出现了局部块嵌套结构。值得注意的是，这种块内嵌套对于合适的空模型是统计上显著的，并且将产品划分为块的算法分区与外源产品分类具有高度对应性。这些发现为开发基于复杂系统物理学的科学方法来分析公司奠定了坚实的基础，这是迄今为止所缺乏的。
英文摘要：
A key element to understand complex systems is the relationship between the spatial scale of investigation and the structure of the interrelation among its elements. When it comes to economic systems, it is now well-known that the country-product bipartite network exhibits a nested structure, which is the foundation of different algorithms that have been used to scientifically investigate countries' development and forecast national economic growth. Changing the subject from countries to companies, a significantly different scenario emerges. Through the analysis of a unique dataset of Italian firms' exports and a worldwide dataset comprising countries' exports, here we find that, while a globally nested structure is observed at the country level, a local, in-block nested structure emerges at the level of firms. Remarkably, this in-block nestedness is statistically significant with respect to suitable null models and the algorithmic partitions of products into blocks have a high correspondence with exogenous product classifications. These findings lay a solid foundation for developing a scientific approach based on the physics of complex systems to the analysis of companies, which has been lacking until now.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
