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arXiv 2202.01151astro-ph.EPastro-ph.IM
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用JWST研究系外行星大气中碳氢化合物的可探测性

Investigating the detectability of hydrocarbons in exoplanet atmospheres with JWST

Danny Gasman, Michiel Min, Katy L. Chubb

摘要:

我们调查了在使用JWST观测各种行星的大气时,各种碳氢化合物分子(例如乙炔(C $_2$ H $_2$)、乙烯(C $_2$ H $_4$)和甲烷(CH $_4$))的丰度。我们专注于基于小样本行星参数的大气模型:HD 189733 b,HD 209458 b,HD 97658 b和开普勒-30c。我们使用贝叶斯检索包ARCiS计算模型透射谱。我们使用PandExo软件包模拟观察到的光谱。我们随后对这些光谱进行了检索,以确定是否可以从这些模拟光谱中准确检索分子丰度。我们发现,一般来说,我们可以检测和检索的碳氢化合物物种的丰度,只要他们有一个VMR以上约1 × 10 $^{-7}$-1 × 10 $^{-6}$,至少对于较亮的目标。根据行星类型和使用的仪器,这些限制可能会根据其他强吸收剂的丰度而变化。我们还发现了一种碳氢化合物与另一种碳氢化合物混淆的情况;当两种仪器结合使用时,这种情况往往会得到改善。如果C $_2$ H $_2$、CH $_4$和C $_2$ H $_4$以足够高的丰度存在,并且选择了最佳仪器,则JWST均可检出。NIRSpec G395 M和MIRI LRS,或NIRCam F322 W2和MIRI LRS这两种仪器的组合,最适合在明亮的系外行星系统中观测这些物种,NIRSpec G395 M和MIRI LRS是HD 189733 b大气层的最佳选择。NIRSpec Prism的使用被初步发现是最好的微弱目标,可能与MIRI LRS狭缝模式相结合,尽管我们测试的目标太微弱,无法得出任何有力的结论。仪器的灵敏度、噪声和波长范围都被认为是区分光谱特征的重要因素。

英文摘要:

We investigate at what abundances various hydrocarbon molecules (e.g. acetylene (C$_2$H$_2$), ethylene (C$_2$H$_4$), and methane (CH$_4$)) become detectable when observing the atmospheres of various planets using JWST. We focused on atmospheric models based on the parameters of a small sample of planets: HD 189733b, HD 209458b, HD 97658b, and Kepler-30c. We computed model transmission spectra using the Bayesian retrieval package ARCiS. We simulated observed spectra using the PandExo package. We subsequently ran retrievals on these spectra to determine whether the molecular abundances can be accurately retrieved from these simulated spectra. We find that generally we can detect and retrieve abundances of the hydrocarbon species as long as they have a VMR above approximately 1x10$^{-7}$-1x10$^{-6}$, at least for the brighter targets. There are variations based on planet type and instrument(s) used, and these limits will likely change depending on the abundance of other strong absorbers. We also find scenarios where the presence of one hydrocarbon is confused with another; this is often improved when two instruments are combined. C$_2$H$_2$, CH$_4$, and C$_2$H$_4$ will all be detectable with JWST, provided they are present in high enough abundances, and that the optimal instruments are chosen. A combination of two instruments, either NIRSpec G395M and MIRI LRS, or NIRCam F322W2 and MIRI LRS, is best for observing these species in bright exoplanet systems, with NIRSpec G395M and MIRI LRS the best option for the HD 189733b-like atmosphere with clouds included. The use of NIRSpec Prism is tentatively found to be best for fainter targets, potentially in combination with the MIRI LRS slit mode, although the target we test is too faint to draw any strong conclusions. Instrument sensitivity, noise, and wavelength range are all thought to play a role in being able to distinguish spectral features.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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