arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2202.00828cs.CLcs.AIcs.LG
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协同训练改进了大语言模型的基于语义的学习

Co-training Improves Prompt-based Learning for Large Language Models

MIT CSAIL(麻省理工学院计算机科学与人工智能实验室)

Hunter Lang, Monica Agrawal, Yoon Kim, David Sontag

摘要:

我们证明了协同训练(Blum & Mitchell,1998)可以通过使用未标记的数据来提高基于机器学习的性能。虽然提示已经成为Few-Shot和零样本学习的一个有前途的范例,但与标准的监督设置相比,它通常是脆弱的,需要更大的模型。我们发现,协同训练可以改进原始提示模型,同时学习更小的下游特定任务模型。在我们只能部分访问提示模型的情况下(例如,来自GPT-3的输出概率(Brown等人,2020)),我们在提示输出上学习校准模型。当我们可以完全访问提示模型的梯度,但完全微调仍然非常昂贵(例如,T0(Sanh等人,2021)),我们学习一组软提示连续向量以迭代地更新提示模型。我们发现,以这种方式训练的模型可以显着提高具有挑战性的数据集的性能,其中目前基于神经网络的学习和完全监督的模型之间存在很大的差距。

英文摘要:

We demonstrate that co-training (Blum & Mitchell, 1998) can improve the performance of prompt-based learning by using unlabeled data. While prompting has emerged as a promising paradigm for few-shot and zero-shot learning, it is often brittle and requires much larger models compared to the standard supervised setup. We find that co-training makes it possible to improve the original prompt model and at the same time learn a smaller, downstream task-specific model. In the case where we only have partial access to a prompt model (e.g., output probabilities from GPT-3 (Brown et al., 2020)) we learn a calibration model over the prompt outputs. When we have full access to the prompt model's gradients but full finetuning remains prohibitively expensive (e.g., T0 (Sanh et al., 2021)), we learn a set of soft prompt continuous vectors to iteratively update the prompt model. We find that models trained in this manner can significantly improve performance on challenging datasets where there is currently a large gap between prompt-based learning and fully-supervised models.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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