使用 Pilot Tone 的 MRI 心脏与呼吸运动提取——一项患者研究
Cardiac and respiratory motion extraction for MRI using Pilot Tone-a patient study
AI总结：
本研究在 23 名心血管 MRI 患者中验证 Pilot Tone 信号提取呼吸和心脏运动的准确性，结果表明其呼吸相关性优于 BioMatrix，心脏触发性能与 ECG 相当，证明 PT 可用于临床患者运动监测。
摘要：
背景：多项研究表明，呼吸和心脏运动均可从 Pilot Tone（PT）信号中成功提取。然而，这些研究大多在健康志愿者中进行。此外，使用心电图（ECG）作为参考来验证 PT 可能存在问题，因为 PT 和 ECG 在心律失常患者中往往都不可靠。目的：我们旨在以图像衍生信号为参考，评估在临床转诊接受心血管 MRI 的患者中从 PT 提取的心脏和呼吸信号的准确性与可靠性。方法：23 名患者在 1.5 T 扫描仪上使用平衡稳态自由进动实时（RT）电影序列进行扫描。PT 信号由集成在体部阵列线圈内的内置 PT 发射器产生。为进行比较，同步记录了商用 ECG 和 BioMatrix（BM）呼吸传感器信号。结果：从 PT 提取的呼吸运动在所有病例中均与图像衍生呼吸信号呈正相关，并且显示出比 BM（0.72±0.24）更强的相关性（绝对系数：0.95±0.09）。对于心脏信号，PT 触发抖动（PT 触发位置相对于 ECG 触发的标准差）范围为 6.6 至 83.3 ms，中位数为 21.8 ms。23 名患者中有 21 名，PT 与相应 ECG 心动周期时长之间的平均绝对差小于平均 ECG RR 间期的 5%。总体而言，基于 PT 的触发提取性能与 ECG 相当。我们未观察到 PT 延迟和 PT 抖动对患者 BMI 或心动周期时长存在显著的线性依赖（p>0.28）。结论：本研究证明了 PT 在临床转诊接受心血管 MRI 的患者中同时监测呼吸和心脏运动的潜力。
英文摘要：
Background: Several studies have shown that both respiratory and cardiac motion can be extracted from the Pilot Tone (PT) signal successfully. However, most of these studies were performed in healthy volunteers. In addition, validating PT using ECG as a reference can be problematic because both PT and ECG tend to be unreliable in patients with arrhythmias. Purpose: We seek to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of the cardiac and respiratory signals extracted from PT in patients clinically referred for cardiovascular MRI with the image-derived signals as the reference. Methods: Twenty-three patients were scanned on a 1.5 T scanner using balanced steady-state free-precession real-time (RT) cine sequence. The PT signal was generated by a built-in PT transmitter integrated within the body array coil. For comparison, commercial ECG and BioMatrix (BM) respiratory sensor signals were synchronously recorded. Results: The respiratory motion extracted from PT correlated positively with the image-derived respiratory signal in all cases and showed a stronger correlation (absolute coefficient: 0.95+-0.09) than BM (0.72+-0.24). For the cardiac signal, PT trigger jitter (standard deviation of PT trigger locations relative to ECG triggers) ranged from 6.6 to 83.3 ms, with a median of 21.8 ms. The mean absolute difference between the PT and corresponding ECG cardiac cycle duration was less than 5% of the averaged ECG RR interval for 21 out of 23 patients. Overall, the performance of PT-based trigger extraction was comparable to that of ECG. We did not observe significant linear dependence (p>0.28) of PT delay and PT jitter on the patients' BMI or cardiac cycle duration. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the potential of PT to monitor both respiratory and cardiac motion in patients clinically referred for cardiovascular MRI.
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