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arXiv 2201.12989astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EPphysics.space-ph
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利用MWA扩展基线在SKA-Low站点进行亚公里尺度电离层研究

Sub-kilometre scale ionospheric studies at the SKA-Low site, using MWA extended baselines

María J. Rioja, Richard Dodson

摘要:

SKA雄心勃勃的科学目标需要具有匹配能力,以校准作为时间、频率和位置函数的仪器和大气传播贡献。开发新的校准算法来满足这些要求是一个活跃的研究领域。在这项工作中{我们的目标是表征}这些,侧重于电离层效应的空间和时间结构尺度,最终,这些提供了设计最佳校准策略的指导方针。我们在SKA-Low将建造的地点使用经验电离层测量,使用MWA第2阶段扩展基线观测和基于台站的低频大气切除并行(LEAP)校准算法。我们已经做到了这一点,通过直接回归分析的电离层屏幕和形成完整的和去趋势的结构功能。我们发现,50%的屏幕在>0.6km的尺度上显示出显著的非线性结构,在>2km的尺度上占主导地位,1%的屏幕显示出显著的亚分钟时间变化,前提是有足够的灵敏度。即使在中等灵敏度和基线长度的MWA,非线性校正需要在88 MHz在温和的天气和154 MHz在恶劣的天气,或高信噪比测量。因此,我们预测,改进将来自MWA第2阶段观测中的高阶散焦效应的校正,以及MWA第3阶段的新发展。由于灵敏度的巨大飞跃,对复杂电离层结构的校正将是SKA-Low上成像和捆绑阵列波束形成的强制性要求。

英文摘要:

The ambitious scientific goals of SKA require a matching capability for calibration of instrumental and atmospheric propagation contributions as functions of time, frequency and position. The development of novel calibration algorithms to meet these requirements is an active field of research. In this work {we aim to characterize} these, focusing on the spatial and temporal structure scales of the ionospheric effects; ultimately, these provide the guidelines for designing the optimum calibration strategy. We used empirical ionospheric measurements at the site where the SKA-Low will be built, using MWA Phase-2 Extended baseline observations and the station-based Low-frequency Excision of Atmosphere in Parallel (LEAP) calibration algorithm. We have done this via direct regression analysis of the ionospheric screens and by forming the full and detrended structure functions. We found that 50% of the screens show significant non-linear structures at scales >0.6km that dominate at >2km, and 1% show significant sub-minute temporal changes, providing that there is sufficient sensitivity. Even at the moderate sensitivity and baseline lengths of MWA, non-linear corrections are required at 88 MHz during moderate-weather and at 154 MHz during poor weather, or for high SNR measurements. Therefore we predict that improvements will come from correcting for higher-order defocusing effects in observations with MWA Phase-2, and further with new developments in MWA Phase-3. Because of the giant leap in sensitivity, the correction for complex ionospheric structures will be mandatory on SKA-Low, for both imaging and tied-array beam formation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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