太阳、日球层和电离层物理学：探路者、先驱者与平方公里阵列天文台视角
Solar, Heliospheric and Ionospheric Physics: Pathfinders, Precursors and SKAO Perspective
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中文总结 AI 辅助
SKAO的SHI物理学科学工作组综述相关研究，聚焦阵列组件4（AA4）能力，其为SKA-LOW和SKA-MID基线，能提供多种优势，将在太阳和空间天气科学上带来变革，还构建日地系统并规划路线图。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
平方公里阵列天文台（SKAO）的太阳、日球层和电离层（SHI）物理学科学工作组致力于研究连接日冕与地球环境的等离子体过程全链条。本章综述了《利用平方公里阵列二期推进天体物理学》中的16篇专题论文，涵盖宁静与活跃太阳大气、爆发现象、日球层湍流和太阳风诊断、电离层科学、恒星与太阳的联系以及实现这些科学目标所需的观测框架。主要聚焦于阵列组件4（AA4）的能力，它是SKA-LOW（50 - 350MHz）和SKA-MID（0.35 - 15.4GHz）的设计基线，能提供连续光谱覆盖、亚角秒角分辨率、全斯托克斯偏振测量以及比现有设施高一个数量级的灵敏度增益。从解析精细尺度的日冕加热事件到绘制日冕物质抛射磁场以及表征多尺度日球层湍流，SKAO将在太阳和空间天气科学方面带来变革性进展。我们将这些贡献构建为一个端到端的日地系统，识别跨领域主题和各章节未完全解决的差距，并概述从早期运行到AA4全面能力的分阶段路线图。
英文摘要
The Solar, Heliospheric and Ionospheric (SHI) Physics Science Working Group of the Square Kilometre Array Observatory (SKAO) addresses the full chain of plasma processes linking the solar corona to the terrestrial environment. This overview chapter synthesises 16 topical contributions to Advancing Astrophysics with the SKA-II, spanning the quiet and active solar atmosphere, eruptive phenomena, heliospheric turbulence and solar-wind diagnostics, ionospheric science, stellar-solar connections, and the observational frameworks required to deliver these science goals. The primary focus is on the capabilities of Array Assembly 4 (AA4), the design baseline for both SKA-LOW (50-350,MHz) and SKA-MID (0.35-15.4,GHz), which together provide continuous spectral coverage, sub-arcsecond angular resolution, full-Stokes polarimetry, and sensitivity gains of an order of magnitude over existing facilities. From resolving fine-scale coronal heating events to mapping coronal mass ejection magnetic fields and characterising multi-scale heliospheric turbulence, SKAO will deliver transformative advances in solar and space-weather science. We frame these contributions as a single end-to-end Sun-to-Earth system. We identify cross-cutting themes and gaps not fully addressed by individual chapters and outline the staged roadmap from early operations through to the full AA4 capability.
