强子物质中自旋霍尔效应的特征
Signatures of the spin Hall effect in hot and dense QCD matter
AI总结：
研究强子碰撞中自旋霍尔效应的产生机制，利用粘性流体动力学模型预测自旋极化特征，通过Λ超子净自旋极化二阶傅里叶系数探测自旋霍尔效应。
摘要：
自旋霍尔效应（SHE）是外部电场下运动自旋载流子产生自旋极化的现象，已在半导体、金属和绝缘体中观察到。近期理论分析表明，自旋霍尔电流可通过重子化学势梯度诱导，该梯度在重离子碰撞产生的火球中变得显著。本文利用(3+1)维粘性流体动力学模型MUSIC与AMPT初始条件，研究这一未系统探索的自旋极化产生机制，并预测碰撞中的SHE特征。通过Λ超子净自旋极化二阶傅里叶系数作为探测SHE的敏感探针，SHE观测在有无SHE情况下表现出符号和束能依赖性的定性差异。未来实验观测这些特征将为高温高密度QCD物质中SHE的存在提供有力证据。
英文摘要：
The spin Hall effect (SHE) is a generation of spin polarization for moving spin carriers in materials under an external electric field and has been observed in semiconductors, metals, and insulators at or below room temperature. Recent theoretical analyses show that spin Hall current can be induced by the baryon chemical potential gradient which plays the role of the analogous electric field and which becomes sizable in the fireballs created in heavy-ion collisions at beam energy of ${\cal O}(10)$~GeV. In this letter, we study this important mechanism for spin polarization generation that has not been systematically explored before and predict the signature of the SHE in those collisions using a (3+1)~D viscous hydrodynamic model MUSIC with AMPT initial condition. We propose to use the second Fourier coefficients of the net spin polarization of Lambda hyperon as sensitive probes to search for the SHE. Those SHE observables show a qualitative difference in both the sign and beam energy dependence for the situations with and without the SHE. Future experimental observation of these distinct qualitative features would provide strong evidence for the existence of the SHE in the hot and dense QCD matter at trillions of degrees.
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