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arXiv 2201.11780cs.CR
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Minotaur:多资源区块链共识

Minotaur: Multi-Resource Blockchain Consensus

Matthias Fitzi, Xuechao Wang, Sreeram Kannan, Aggelos Kiayias, Nikos Leonardos, Pramod Viswanath, Gerui Wang

摘要:

基于资源的共识是无需许可的分布式账本系统的支柱。这种协议的安全性基本上依赖于系统中活跃的资源水平。各种不同的资源(以及相关的证明协议,有时在文献中被称为PoX)提出了一个基本问题,即是否可以串联使用其中的许多资源并构建多资源共识协议。整合不同资源的挑战在于实现它们之间的可替代性,也就是说,只要所有资源之间的累积对抗力量有限,安全就能保持。在这项工作中,我们提出了Minotaur,这是一种结合了工作量证明(PoW)和权益证明(PoS)的多资源区块链共识协议,我们证明了它是最佳可替换的。在我们设计的核心,Minotaur在历元中运行,同时不断采样活动计算能力,以提供两种资源(工作和赌注)之间的公平交换。此外,我们证明了Minotaur与比特币区块链相比处理更高程度的工作波动的能力;我们还将Minotaur推广到任何数量的资源。我们通过在Rust(可用的开源)中实现全栈客户端来展示Minotaur的简单性。我们使用客户端来测试Minotaur对可变采矿能力和组合工作/股权攻击的鲁棒性,并展示了Minotaur作为现实世界区块链共识层的适用性的具体经验证据。

英文摘要:

Resource-based consensus is the backbone of permissionless distributed ledger systems. The security of such protocols relies fundamentally on the level of resources actively engaged in the system. The variety of different resources (and related proof protocols, some times referred to as PoX in the literature) raises the fundamental question whether it is possible to utilize many of them in tandem and build multi-resource consensus protocols. The challenge in combining different resources is to achieve fungibility between them, in the sense that security would hold as long as the cumulative adversarial power across all resources is bounded. In this work, we put forth Minotaur, a multi-resource blockchain consensus protocol that combines proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake (PoS), and we prove it optimally fungible. At the core of our design, Minotaur operates in epochs while continuously sampling the active computational power to provide a fair exchange between the two resources, work and stake. Further, we demonstrate the ability of Minotaur to handle a higher degree of work fluctuation as compared to the Bitcoin blockchain; we also generalize Minotaur to any number of resources. We demonstrate the simplicity of Minotaur via implementing a full stack client in Rust (available open source). We use the client to test the robustness of Minotaur to variable mining power and combined work/stake attacks and demonstrate concrete empirical evidence towards the suitability of Minotaur to serve as the consensus layer of a real-world blockchain.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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