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arXiv 2201.11761hep-phastro-ph.COgr-qc
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额外维度背景下的原初黑洞暗物质

Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter in the Context of Extra Dimensions

Avi Friedlander, Katherine J. Mack, Sarah Schon, Ningqiang Song, Aaron C. Vincent

AI总结:

本文研究大额外维度理论中由高温等离子体碰撞形成并吸积演化的原初黑洞,推导其蒸发与宇宙学约束,指出二维额外空间中特定质量窗口可作为可行冷暗物质。

摘要:

大额外维度(LED)理论,例如 Arkani-Hamed、Dimopoulos 和 Dvali 情景,预言一个接近 TeV 标度的“真实”普朗克标度 $M_\star$,而观测到的 $M_{pl}$ 则来自紧致额外维度的几何效应。这些理论允许原初黑洞(PBH)在早期宇宙中产生:高温等离子体中的黑洞通过碰撞形成并随后吸积,从而产生一种新的冷暗物质(亚)组分。由于它们存在于更高维空间中,质量、半径和温度之间通常的关系被修改,导致其行为与四维对应物明显不同。在此,我们推导了这类 PBH 候选体的宇宙学产生与演化,包括描述其蒸发的灰体因子,并通过对蒸发产物的直接观测、对大爆炸核合成的影响以及宇宙微波背景角功率谱,获得了对 LED PBH 的限制。我们的限制覆盖 2 至 6 个额外维度的情景,以及质量从 10 到 $10^{21}$ g 的 PBH。我们发现,对于两个额外维度,LED PBH 构成一种可行的暗物质候选体;取决于普朗克标度和再加热温度,其可能的黑洞质量范围为 $10^{17}$ 至 $10^{23}$ g。当 $M_\star=10$ TeV 时,这对应于质量 $M\simeq10^{21}$ g 的 PBH 暗物质,且尚未受到当前观测的约束。我们还进一步细化并更新了对“普通”四维黑洞的约束。

英文摘要:

Theories of large extra dimensions (LEDs) such as the Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos & Dvali scenario predict a "true" Planck scale $M_\star$ near the TeV scale, while the observed $M_{pl}$ is due to the geometric effect of compact extra dimensions. These theories allow for the creation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the early Universe, from the collisional formation and subsequent accretion of black holes in the high-temperature plasma, leading to a novel cold dark matter (sub)component. Because of their existence in a higher-dimensional space, the usual relationship between mass, radius and temperature is modified, leading to distinct behaviour with respect to their 4-dimensional counterparts. Here, we derive the cosmological creation and evolution of such PBH candidates, including the greybody factors describing their evaporation, and obtain limits on LED PBHs from direct observation of evaporation products, effects on big bang nucleosynthesis, and the cosmic microwave background angular power spectrum. Our limits cover scenarios of 2 to 6 extra dimensions, and PBH masses ranging from 10 to $10^{21}$ g. We find that for two extra dimensions, LED PBHs represent a viable dark matter candidate with a range of possible black hole masses between $10^{17}$ and $10^{23}$ g depending on the Planck scale and reheating temperature. For $M_\star = 10$ TeV, this corresponds to PBH dark matter with a mass of $M \simeq 10^{21}$ g, unconstrained by current observations. We further refine and update constraints on "ordinary" four-dimension black holes.

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