arXiv 2201.115672022-01-27quant-ph

通过测量从单模热噪声中提取功：信息有多重要？

Work extraction from single-mode thermal noise by measurements: How important is information?

Avijit Misra, Tomas Opatrný, Gershon Kurizki

备注：: 30 pages including appendix of 6 pages
DOI：: 10.1103/PhysRevE.106.054131

摘要：

我们在这篇文章中的目标是在最小量子力学设置的背景下阐明功和信息的关系：热输入到功输出的转换器，输入由在热态下准备的单个振荡器模式以及几个更冷的振荡器模式组成。我们希望在装置中实现热量到功的转换，同时避免使用工作物质（介质）或宏观热浴。我们考虑的核心问题，考虑到量子性质的设置，是：（一）如何以及在何种程度上可以作为工作资源的信息，或者相反，是多余的工作提取？(ii)通过测量获得的信息提取功的最佳方式是什么？(iii)在这样的设置中可实现的效率-功率权衡的信息的影响是什么？我们比较的效率，工作提取和权力的限制，在我们的最小设置由单一的（可逆的）操作和不同的，通用的，测量策略的热和冷模式。对于每一种策略，找到了工作和信息提取的融洽关系，并考虑了信息擦除的成本。工作提取的可能性没有信息采集，通过非选择性测量，也进行了分析。总的来说，我们提出，通过推广一种基于优化的homodyning，我们最近提出的方法，以下见解：提取工作的观察和前馈（WOF），只测量一小部分的输入，显然是有利的，可以想象的替代品。我们的研究结果可能成为一个实用的战略，热噪声转换为有用的工作在光学设置，如相干放大器的热光，以及在他们的光学机械和光伏对应的基础。

英文摘要：

Our goal in this article is to elucidate the rapport of work and information in the context of a minimal quantum mechanical setup: A converter of heat input to work output, the input consisting of a single oscillator mode prepared in a hot thermal state along with few much colder oscillator modes. We wish to achieve heat to work conversion in the setup while avoiding the use of a working substance (medium) or macroscopic heat baths. The core issues we consider, taking account of the quantum nature of the setup, are: (i) How and to what extent can information act as work resource or, conversely, be redundant for work extraction? (ii) What is the optimal way of extracting work via information acquired by measurements? (iii) What is the bearing of information on the efficiency-power tradeoff achievable in such setups? We compare the efficiency of work extraction and the limitations of power in our minimal setup by unitary (reversible) manipulations and by different, generic, measurement strategies of the hot and cold modes. For each strategy the rapport of work and information extraction is found and the cost of information erasure is allowed for. The possibilities of work extraction without information acquisition, via non-selective measurements, are also analyzed. Overall, we present, by generalizing a method based on optimized homodyning that we have recently proposed, the following insight: extraction of work by observation and feedforward (WOF) that only measures a small fraction of the input, is clearly advantageous to the conceivable alternatives. Our results may become a basis of a practical strategy of converting thermal noise to useful work in optical setups, such as coherent amplifiers of thermal light, as well as in their optomechanical and photovoltaic counterparts.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。

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