无质量单粒子态空间的纤维丛理论描述；我们如何感知运动的量子粒子
Bundle Theoretic Descriptions of Massless Single-Particle State Spaces; How do we perceive a moving quantum particle
AI总结：
本文针对无质量粒子无法处于零动量态导致现有纤维丛理论失效的问题，提出适用于无质量粒子的新数学框架，揭示了电磁学与广义相对论的场方程及规范自由度源于观察者对光子和引力子内部量子态的感知。
摘要：
最近，一种关于有质量单粒子态空间的纤维丛理论描述被提出，相比普通的Hilbert空间描述，它更适合于相对论量子信息理论。然而，该工作提出的数学框架并不适用于无质量粒子。这是因为与有质量粒子不同，无质量粒子无法处于零动量态，因此与无质量粒子相关联的质量壳具有非平凡的余调。为了克服这一困难，本文提出了一个可应用于无质量粒子的新框架。通过对自旋为1和2的无质量粒子（即光子和引力子）情况的应用，将表明电磁学和广义相对论的场方程、规范条件以及规范自由度，分别自然地表现为惯性观察者对光子和引力子内部量子态的感知。最后，我们展示了除自旋为0和1/2的粒子外，所有无质量粒子都表现出规范自由度。
英文摘要：
Recently, a bundle theoretic description of massive single-particle state spaces, which is better suited for Relativistic Quantum Information Theory than the ordinary Hilbert space description, has been suggested. However, the mathematical framework presented in that work does not apply to massless particles. It is because, unlike massive particles, massless particles cannot assume the zero momentum state and hence the mass shell associated with massless particles has non-trivial cohomology. To overcome this difficulty, this paper suggests a new framework that can be applied to massless particles. Applications to the cases of massless particles with spin-1 and 2, namely photon and graviton, will reveal that the field equations, the gauge conditions, and the gauge freedoms of Electromagnetism and General Relativity naturally arise as manifestations of an inertial observer's perception of the internal quantum states of a photon and a graviton, respectively. Finally, we show that gauge freedom is exhibited by all massless particles, except those with spin-0 and 1/2.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
