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arXiv 2201.10773physics.soc-phcond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.stat-mechq-bio.PE
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具有遏制措施的传染病传播的临界时变分支过程模型

Critical time-dependent branching process modelling epidemic spreading with containment measures

Hanlin Sun, Ivan Kryven, Ginestra Bianconi

摘要:

于COVID大流行期间,疫情呈指数级增长的时期已通过遏制措施得以缓解,在不同情况下导致病例数量呈幂律增长。Ziff和Ziff在参考文献[1]中首次观察到这种行为,来自中国的2020年晚春数据。在这一重要观察之后,在其他国家遏制蔓延期间也观察到了幂律缩放(尽管指数不同)。对这些结果的早期解释表明,这种现象可能是由于扩散的空间效应。在这里,我们表明,由于遏制措施的个人的传染性的时间调制也会导致幂律增长的情况下,随着时间的推移。为此,我们提出了一个随机混合的易感-感染-删除(SIR)模型的传染病传播存在遏制措施,导致时间依赖的传染性和我们探讨的统计特性的分支过程的临界。我们表明,在临界状态下,可以观察到幂律增长的情况下,指数范围在1和2之间。我们的渐近分析结果证实了广泛的蒙特卡罗模拟。虽然这些结果并不排除空间效应可能是重要的调制幂律增长的情况下,在临界状态,这项工作表明,即使是混合人口可能已经具有非平凡的幂律指数临界。

英文摘要:

During the COVID pandemic, periods of exponential growth of the disease have been mitigated by containment measures that in different occasions have resulted in a power-law growth of the number of cases. The first observation of such behaviour has been obtained from 2020 late spring data coming from China by Ziff and Ziff in Ref. [1]. After this important observation the power-law scaling (albeit with different exponents) has also been observed in other countries during periods of containment of the spread. Early interpretations of these results suggest that this phenomenon might be due to spatial effects of the spread. Here we show that temporal modulations of infectivity of individuals due to containment measures can also cause power-law growth of the number of cases over time. To this end we propose a stochastic well-mixed Susceptible-Infected-Removed (SIR) model of epidemic spreading in presence of containment measures resulting in time-dependent infectivity and we explore the statistical properties of the resulting branching process at criticality. We show that at criticality it is possible to observe power-law growth of the number of cases with exponents ranging between one and two. Our asymptotic analytical results are confirmed by extensive Monte Carlo simulations. Although these results do not exclude that spatial effects might be important in modulating the power-law growth of the number of cases at criticality, this work shows that even well-mixed populations may already feature non-trivial power-law exponents at criticality.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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