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arXiv 2201.09890astro-ph.HEastro-ph.COhep-ph
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低能超新星严重抑制辐射粒子衰变

Low-Energy Supernovae Severely Constrain Radiative Particle Decays

Andrea Caputo, Hans-Thomas Janka, Georg Raffelt, Edoardo Vitagliano

摘要:

在大质量恒星坍缩过程中形成的热而致密的核心是假设的弱相互作用粒子的强大来源,如无菌中微子,暗光子,类轴子粒子(ALP)等。如果平均自由程小于原始恒星的半径,像$a\to2γ$这样的辐射衰变会将这种能量沉积在周围的物质中。我们首次使用爆炸能量特别低的超新星(SN)作为最敏感的量热计来限制这种可能性。这些SNe被观测识别为低光度事件,具有低喷出物速度和低质量的喷出$^{56}$ Ni。它们的低能量将粒子衰变的能量沉积限制到小于约0.1 B,其中$1~{\rm B~(bethe)}=10^{51}~{\rm erg}$。对于1-500 MeV质量的ALP,该通用参数排除了$10^{-10}$ - $10^{-8}~{\rm GeV}^{-1}$范围内的ALP-光子耦合$G_{aγγ}$。

英文摘要:

The hot and dense core formed in the collapse of a massive star is a powerful source of hypothetical feebly-interacting particles such as sterile neutrinos, dark photons, axion-like particles (ALPs), and others. Radiative decays such as $a\to2γ$ deposit this energy in the surrounding material if the mean free path is less than the radius of the progenitor star. For the first time, we use a supernova (SN) population with particularly low explosion energies as the most sensitive calorimeters to constrain this possibility. These SNe are observationally identified as low-luminosity events with low ejecta velocities and low masses of ejected $^{56}$Ni. Their low energies limit the energy deposition from particle decays to less than about 0.1 B, where $1~{\rm B~(bethe)}=10^{51}~{\rm erg}$. For 1-500 MeV-mass ALPs, this generic argument excludes ALP-photon couplings $G_{aγγ}$ in the $10^{-10}$-$10^{-8}~{\rm GeV}^{-1}$ range.

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