由反馈环产生的欠阻尼振荡器的虚双阱势
Virtual double-well potential for an underdamped oscillator created by a feedback loop
摘要：
虚势是一种非常优雅、精确和灵活的工具，可以用来操纵小系统和探索随机热力学中的基本问题。特别地，双阱势在信息处理中有应用，例如朗道原理的证明。然而，虚拟双势阱从未在欠阻尼系统中实现。在这篇文章中，我们详细介绍了如何面对为欠阻尼系统创建反馈回路的实验挑战（探索其势能景观比过阻尼对应物快得多），以构建可调虚拟双阱势。为了正确地描述反馈陷阱中的系统行为，我们表示所有势垒高度的双阱中的开关时间，第一次结合克雷默的描述，有效的高势垒，与调整后的模型较低的。我们发现，一个小的滞后或延迟的反馈回路中的开关之间的两个井的结果在修改后的速度分布，解释为冷却的动力学温度的系统。我们成功地解决了所有的问题，实验上创建一个虚拟的潜力，是统计上无法区分的物理一个，与可调的势垒高度和两个井之间的能量步骤。
英文摘要：
Virtual potentials are a very elegant, precise and flexible tool to manipulate small systems and explore fundamental questions in stochastic thermodynamics. In particular double-well potentials have applications in information processing, such as the demonstration of Landauer's principle. Nevertheless, virtual double-well potentials had never been implemented in underdamped systems. In this article, we detail how to face the experimental challenge of creating a feedback loop for an underdamped system (exploring its potential energy landscape much faster than its over-damped counterpart), in order to build a tunable virtual double-well potential. To properly describe the system behavior in the feedback trap, we express the switching time in the double-well for all barrier heights, combining for the first time Kramer's description, valid at high barriers, with an adjusted model for lower ones. We show that a small hysteresis or delay of the feedback loop in the switches between the two wells results in a modified velocity distribution, interpreted as a cooling of the kinetic temperature of the system. We successfully address all issues to create experimentally a virtual potential that is statistically indistinguishable from a physical one, with a tunable barrier height and energy step between the two wells.
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