We introduce the notion centre of a convex set and study the space of continuous affine functions on a compact convex set with a centre. We show that these spaces are precisely the dual of a base normed space in which the underlying base has a (unique) centre. We also characterize the corresponding base norm space. We obtain a condition on a compact, balanced, convex subset of a locally convex space so that the corresponding space of continuous affine functions on the convex set is an absolute order unit space. Similarly, we characterize a condition on the base with a centre of a base normed space so that the latter becomes an absolutely base normed space.
Let G be a locally compact group, and ZL1(G) be the centre of its group algebra. We show that when $G$ is compact ZL1(G) is not amenable when G is either nonabelian and connected, or is a product of infinitely many finite nonabelian groups. We also, study, for some non-compact groups G, some conditions which imply amenability and hyper-Tauberian property, for ZL1(G).
The Banach algebra LUC(G)* associated to a topological group G has been of interest in abstract harmonic analysis. A number of authors have studied the topological centre of LUC(G)*, which is defined as the set of elements in LUC(G)* for which the left multiplication is w*--w*-continuous on LUC(G)*. Several recent works show that for a locally compact group G it is sufficient to test the continuity of the left multiplication at just one specific point in order to determine whether an element of LUC(G)* belongs to the topological centre. In this work we extend some of these results to a much la…
In a convolution semigroup over a locally compact group, measurability of the translation by a fixed element implies continuity. In other words, the measurable centre coincides with the topological centre.
Let G be a locally compact non-compact group. We show that under a very mild assumption on the weight function w, the weighted group algebra L_1(G,w) is strongly Arens irregular in the sense of Dales-Lamb-Lau. To this end, we first derive a general factorization theorem for bounded families in the L_\infty(G,1/w)^*-module L_\infty(G,1/w).
We study multiplier algebras for a large class of Banach algebras which contains the group algebra $L_1(G)$, the Beurling algebras $L_1(G, ω)$, and the Fourier algebra $A(G)$ of a locally compact group $G$. This study yields numerous new results and unifies some existing theorems on $L_1(G)$ and $A(G)$ through an abstract Banach algebraic approach. Applications are obtained on representations of multipliers over locally compact quantum groups and on topological centre problems. In particular, five open problems in abstract harmonic analysis are solved.
For the study of some typical problems in finance and economics, Žitković %[G. Žitković, Convex compactness and its applications, Math. Finan. Eco., 3(1)(2010) 1--12] introduced convex compactness and gave many remarkable applications. Recently, motivated by random convex optimization and random variational inequalities, Guo, et al introduced $L^0$-convex compactness, developed the related theory of $L^0$-convex compactness in random normed modules and further applied it to backward stochastic equations. %[T.X. Guo, et al, Two fixed point theorems in complete random normed modules and their ap…
We study the class of compact convex subsets of a topological vector space which admits a strictly convex and lower semicontinuous function. We prove that such a compact set is embeddable in a strictly convex dual Banach space endowed with its weak$^*$ topology. In addition, we find exposed points where a strictly convex lower semicontinuous function is continuous.
In the present article we prove a fixed point theorem for reflections of compact convex sets and give a new characterization of state space of JB-algebras among compact convex sets. Namely they are exactly those compact convex sets which are strongly spectral and symmetric.
Let $(Ω, \mathcal{F}, \mathbf{P})$ be a probability space, $ξ$ be a random variable on $(Ω, \mathcal{F}, \mathbf{P})$, $\mathcal{G}$ be a sub-$σ$-algebra of $\mathcal{F}$, and let $\mathbf{E}^\mathcal{G} = \mathbf{ E}(\cdot | \mathcal{G})$ be the corresponding conditional expectation operator. We obtain sharp estimates for the moments of $ξ- \mathbf{E}^\mathcal{G}ξ$ in terms of the moments of $ξ$. This allows us to find the optimal constant in the bounded compact approximation property of $L^p([0, 1])$, $1 < p < \infty$.
The Krein-Milman theorem (1940) states that every convex compact subset of a Hausdorfflocally convex topological space, is the closed convex hull of its extreme points. In 1963, Ky Fan extended the Krein-Milman theorem to the general framework of $Φ$-convexity. Under general conditions on the class of functions $Φ$, the Krein-Milman-Ky Fan theorem asserts then, that every compact $Φ$-convex subset of a Hausdorff space, is the $Φ$-convex hull of its $Φ$-extremal points. We prove in this paper that, in the metrizable case the situation is rather better. Indeed, we can replace the set of $Φ$-extr…
Inspired in the theorem of Krein-Milamn, we investigate the existence of extreme points in compact convex subsets of asymmetric normed spaces. We focus our attention in the finite dimensional case, giving a geometric description of all compact convex subsets of a finite dimensional asymmetric normed space.
The class of $μ$-compact sets can be considered as a natural extension of the class of compact metrizable subsets of locally convex spaces, to which the particular results well known for compact sets can be generalized. This class contains all compact sets as well as many noncompact sets widely used in applications. In this paper we give a characterization of a convex $μ$-compact set in terms of properties of functions defined on this set. Namely, we prove that the class of convex $μ$-compact sets can be characterized by continuity of the operation of convex closure of a function (= the double…
Let G be a locally compact group. Consider the Banach algebra L_1(G)^**, equipped with the first Arens multiplication, as well as the algebra LUC(G)^*, the dual of the space of bounded left uniformly continuous functions on G, whose product extends the convolution in the measure algebra M(G). We present (for the most interesting case of a non-compact group) completely different - in particular, direct - proofs and even obtain sharpened versions of the results, first proved by Lau-Losert and Lau, that the topological centres of the latter algebras precisely are L_1(G) and M(G), respectively. Th…
In this paper, we present some common fixed point theorems for a commuting pair of mappings, including a generalized nonexpansive single valued mapping and a generalized nonexpansive multivalued mapping in strictly convex Banach spaces. The results obtained in this paper extend and improve some recent known results.
In 2010, Gordan Žitković introduced the notion of convex compactness for a convex subset of a linear topological space and gave some important applications to both nonlinear analysis and mathematical economics in [ Gordan Žitković, Convex compactness and its applications, Math. Finance Econom. 3(1) (2010) 1--12 ]. Motivated by Gordan Žitković's idea, in this paper we introduce the notion of $L^0$--convex compactness for an $L^0$--convex subset of a topological module over the topological algebra $L^0(\mathcal{F},K)$, where $L^0(\mathcal{F},K)$ is the algebra of equivalence classes of random va…
A bounded linear operator $T$ on a Banach space $X$ is called a convex-cyclic operator if there exists a vector $x \in X$ such that the convex hull of $Orb(T, x)$ is dense in $X$. In this paper, for given an aperiodic element $g$ in a locally compact group $G$, we give some sufficient conditions for a weighted translation operator $T_{g,w}: f \mapsto w\cdot f*δ_g$ on $\mathfrak{L}^{p}(G)$ to be convex-cyclic. A necessary condition is also studied. At the end, to explain the obtained results, some examples are given.
We study the generic behavior of the method of successive approximations for set-valued mappings in separable Banach spaces. We consider the case of nonexpansive mappings with convex and compact point images and show that for the typical such mapping and typical points of its domain the sequence of successive approximations is unique and converges to a fixed point of the mapping.
In this paper, we show that the sum of a compact convex subset and a simultaneously $τ$-strongly proximinal convex subset (resp. simultaneously approximatively $τ$-compact convex subset) of a Banach space X is simultaneously tau-strongly proximinal (resp. simultaneously approximatively $τ$-compact ), and the sum of weakly compact convex subset and a simultaneously approximatively weakly compact convex subset of X is still simultaneously approximatively weakly compact, where $τ$ is the norm or the weak topology. Moreover, some related results on the sum of simultaneously proximinal subspaces ar…
In this paper we introduce and study a new sequence of positive linear operators acting on function spaces defined on a convex compact subset. Their construction depends on a given Markov operator, a positive real number and a sequence of probability Borel measures. By considering special cases of these parameters for particular convex compact subsets we obtain the classical Kantorovich operators defined in the one-dimensional and multidimensional setting together with several of their wide-ranging generalizations scattered in the literature. We investigate the approximation properties of thes…
Let $S$ be a right reversible semitopological semigroup, and let $\operatorname{LUC}(S)$ be the space of left uniformly continuous functions on $S$. Suppose that $\operatorname{LUC}(S)$ has a left invariant mean. Let $K$ be a weakly compact convex subset of a Banach space. We show that there always exists a common fixed point for any jointly weakly continuous and super asymptotically nonexpansive action of $S$ on $K$. Several variances involving the weak* compactness, the RNP, the distality of $K$ and/or the left reversibility of $S$ are also provided.
Let X be a nonempty convex compact subset of some Haus-dorff locally convex topological vector space S. The well know Bauer's maximum principle stats that every convex upper semi-continuous function from X into R attains its maximum at some extremal point of X. We give some extensions of this result when X is assumed to be compact metrizable. We prove that the set of all convex upper semi-continuous functions attaining there maximum at exactly one extremal point of X is a G $δ$ dense subset of the space of all convex upper semi-continuous functions equipped with a metric compatible with the un…
In this work we prove that if $X$ is a complete locally convex space and $f:X\to \mathbb{R}\cup \{+\infty \}$ is a function such that $f-x^\ast$ attains its minimum for every $x^\ast \in U$, where $U$ is an open set with respect to the Mackey topology in $X^\ast$, then for every $γ\in \mathbb{R}$ and $x^\ast \in U$ the set $\{ x\in X : f(x)- \langle x^\ast , x \rangle \leq γ\}$ is relatively weakly compact. This result corresponds to an extension of Theorem 2.4 in [J. Saint Raymond, Mediterr. J. Math. 10 (2013), no. 2, 927--940]. Directional James compactness theorems are also derived.
A convex subset X of a linear topological space is called compactly convex if there is a continuous compact-valued map $Φ:X\to exp(X)$ such that $[x,y]\subsetΦ(x)\cup Φ(y)$ for all $x,y\in X$. We prove that each convex subset of the plane is compactly convex. On the other hand, the space $R^3$ contains a convex set that is not compactly convex. Each compactly convex subset $X$ of a linear topological space $L$ has locally compact closure $\bar X$ which is metrizable if and only if each compact subset of $X$ is metrizable.
We study the geometric structure of compact convex sets in 2-dimensional asymmetric normed lattices. We prove that every q-compact convex set is strongly q-compact and we give a complete geometric description of the compact convex sets with non empty interior in (R^2, q), where q is an asymmetric lattice norm.
We prove that for k an uncountable cardinal, there exist 2^k many non homeomorphic weakly compact convex subsets of weight k in the Hilbert space of density k.
We initiate the study of matrix convexity for operator spaces. We define the notion of compact rectangular matrix convex set, and prove the natural analogs of the Krein-Milman and the bipolar theorems in this context. We deduce a canonical correspondence between compact rectangular matrix convex sets and operator spaces. We also introduce the notion of boundary representation for an operator space, and prove the natural analog of Arveson's conjecture: every operator space is completely normed by its boundary representations. This yields a canonical construction of the triple envelope of an ope…
We prove that if K is a Gruenhage compact space then C(K)* admits an equivalent, strictly convex dual norm. As a corollary, we show that if X is a Banach space and X* is the |.|-closed linear span of K, where K is a Gruenhage compact in the w*-topology and |.| is equivalent to a coarser, w*-lower semicontinuous norm on X*, then X* admits an equivalent, strictly convex dual norm. We give a partial converse to the first result by showing that if T is a tree, then C(T)* admits an equivalent, strictly convex dual norm if and only if T is a Gruenhage space. Finally, we present some stability proper…
A method of proving local continuity of concave functions on convex set possessing the $μ$-compactness property is presented. This method is based on a special approximation of these functions. The class of $μ$-compact sets can be considered as a natural extension of the class of compact metrizable subsets of locally convex spaces, to which particular results well known for compact sets can be generalized. Applications of the obtained continuity conditions to analysis of different entropic characteristics of quantum systems and channels are considered.
Let $Ω$ be a bounded convex domain in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$, $n\geq 2$, $1\leq q\leq (n-1)$, and $ϕ\in C(\barΩ)$. If the Hankel operator $H^{q-1}_ϕ$ on $(0,q-1)$--forms with symbol $ϕ$ is compact, then $ϕ$ is holomorphic along $q$--dimensional analytic (actually, affine) varieties in the boundary. We also prove a partial converse: if the boundary contains only `finitely many' varieties, $1\leq q\leq n$, and $ϕ\in C(\barΩ)$ is analytic along the ones of dimension $q$ (or higher), then $H^{q-1}_ϕ$ is compact.
In this paper, two main results concerning uniformly continuous retractions are proved. First, an $α$-Hölder retraction from any separable Banach space onto a compact convex subset whose closed linear span is the whole space is constructed for every positive $α<1$. This constitutes a positive solution to a Hölder version of a question raised by Godefroy and Ozawa. In fact, compact convex sets are found to be absolute $α$-Hölder retracts under certain assumption of flatness. Second, we provide an example of a strictly convex Banach space $X$ arbitrarily close to $\ell_2$ (for the Banach Mazur d…
The class of subsets of locally convex spaces called $μ$-compact sets is considered. This class contains all compact sets as well as several noncompact sets widely used in applications. It is shown that many results well known for compact sets can be generalized to $μ$-compact sets. Several examples are considered. The main result of the paper is a generalization to $μ$-compact convex sets of the Vesterstrom-O'Brien theorem showing equivalence of the particular properties of a compact convex set (s.t. openness of the mixture map, openness of the barycenter map and of its restriction to maximal…
We work in set-theory without choice ZF. Denoting by AC(N) the countable axiom of choice, we show in ZF+AC(N) that the closed unit ball of a uniformly convex Banach space is compact in the convex topology (an alternative to the weak topology in ZF). We prove that this ball is (closely) convex-compact in the convex topology. Given a set I, a real number p greater or equal to 1 (resp. . p = 0), and some closed subset F of [0, 1]^I which is a bounded subset of l^p(I), we show that AC(N) (resp. DC, the axiom of Dependent Choices) implies the compactness of F.
