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arXiv 2201.07448quant-ph
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量子-经典混合算法的优化前景:从量子控制到NISQ应用

The Optimization Landscape of Hybrid Quantum-Classical Algorithms: from Quantum Control to NISQ Applications

Xiaozhen Ge, Re-Bing Wu, Herschel Rabitz

摘要:

本文综述了许多快速发展的量子技术中流行的混合量子经典优化算法的景观,其中目标函数由自然量子系统或工程量子模拟计算,但优化器是经典的。在任何特定情况下,基本控制景观的性质对于目标的系统优化至关重要。在少体动力学最优控制的早期研究中,优化器可以完全控制希尔伯特空间维数相对较小的量子系统。随着噪声中尺度量子(NISQ)时代的到来,量子硬件的模拟器在实验上不断增长的计算能力可能带来优于经典计算机的量子优势,但经典优化器往往受到可用控制资源的限制。在这些不同的尺度上,我们将表明,景观的几何形状经历形态的变化,从有利的无陷阱的景观,容易陷入崎岖的景观,并最终贫瘠的高原景观上的优化器几乎不能移动。这种统一的观点提供了理解系统类别的基础,这些系统可以很容易地控制到那些有特殊考虑的系统,包括NISQ技术的困难和潜在优势,以及寻求在特定情况下逃离陷阱或高原的可能方法。

英文摘要:

This review investigates the landscapes of prevalent hybrid quantum-classical optimization algorithms in many rapidly developing quantum technologies, where the objective function is either computed by a natural quantum system or a quantum ansatz that is engineered, but the optimizer is classical. In any particular case, the nature of the underlying control landscape is fundamentally important for systematic optimization of the objective. In early studies on the optimal control of few-body dynamics, the optimizer could take full control of the quantum systems to be manipulated whose Hilbert space dimension is relatively small. Stepping into the noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era, the experimentally growing computational power of the ansatz expressed as quantum hardware may bring quantum advantage over classical computers, but the classical optimizer is often limited by the available control resources. Across these different scales, we will show that the landscape's geometry experiences morphological changes from favorable trap-free landscapes to easily trapping rugged landscapes, and eventually to barren-plateau landscapes on which the optimizer can hardly move. This unified view provides the basis for understanding classes of systems that may be readily controlled out to those with special consideration, including the difficulties and potential advantages of NISQ technologies, as well as seeking possible ways to escape traps or plateaus, in particular circumstances.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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