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arXiv 2201.07132quant-phphysics.app-phphysics.optics
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超越速率方程的激光冷却:量子热力学方法

Laser Cooling Beyond Rate Equations: Approaches From Quantum Thermodynamics

C. N. Murphy, L. Toledo Tude, P. R. Eastham

摘要:

固体可以通过激光驱动杂质离子来冷却,使它们能够将热量从晶格声子传递到电磁环境。这证明了量子热机器,它使用量子系统作为工作介质在水库之间传递热量。我们回顾了耦合到水库的量子系统的布洛赫-雷德菲尔德方程的推导过程,以及它的扩展,使用计数场来计算热流。我们使用这个方程的完整形式,这使得只有弱耦合和马尔可夫近似,计算一个简单的激光冷却模型的冷却功率。我们比较它的预测与其他两个时间本地主方程:长期近似完整的布洛赫-Redfield方程,和Lindblad形式预期的声子跃迁在没有驾驶。我们得出的结论是,完整的布洛赫-雷德菲尔德方程在弱驱动和强驱动状态下都为热流提供了准确的结果,而其他形式的适用性更有限。我们的研究结果支持在量子热机中使用布洛赫-雷德菲尔德方程,尽管它们有可能给出非物理的结果。

英文摘要:

Solids can be cooled by driving impurity ions with lasers, allowing them to transfer heat from the lattice phonons to the electromagnetic surroundings. This exemplifies a quantum thermal machine, which uses a quantum system as a working medium to transfer heat between reservoirs. We review the derivation of the Bloch-Redfield equation for a quantum system coupled to a reservoir, and its extension, using counting fields, to calculate heat currents. We use the full form of this equation, which makes only the weak-coupling and Markovian approximations, to calculate the cooling power for a simple model of laser cooling. We compare its predictions with two other time-local master equations: the secular approximation to the full Bloch-Redfield equation, and the Lindblad form expected for phonon transitions in the absence of driving. We conclude that the full Bloch-Redfield equation provides accurate results for the heat current in both the weak- and strong- driving regimes, whereas the other forms have more limited applicability. Our results support the use of Bloch-Redfield equations in quantum thermal machines, in spite of their potential to give unphysical results.

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